** Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease afflicts patients later in life.

** Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism ( ARJP )

** Autosomal recessive forms

** Autosomal dominant forms

** genotype-phenotype distinction — genotype — phenotype — dominant gene — recessive gene

** Some family members of the Fughate family in Kentucky, due to a recessive gene, had blue skin from an excess of methemoglobin.

** Friedreich Ataxia – GAA ( Note: Friedreich ataxia does not usually exhibit anticipation because it is an autosomal recessive disorder.

** P. vulgaris or common bean ( includes the pinto bean, kidney bean, caparrones, and many others )

** Shuco, a Salvadoran dish of black, blue, or purple corn flour, ground pumpkin seeds, chili sauce, some red cooked kidney beans, which was traditionally drunk out of a hollowed-out gourd at early morning, especially coming from a hunting or drinking trip.

** serum creatinine ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal for age or 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine in patients with chronic kidney disease

** decreased blood flow through kidney ( e. g. hypotension, cardiac failure )

** increased salt intake also can increase body fluid volume as well as increasing urine sodium excretion, which further increases urinary calcium excretion ( In other words, calcium and sodium ( salt ) are handled in a similar way by the kidney.

** December 23 – Joseph Murray at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston carries out the first successful kidney transplant, between identical twins.

** Obstruction: kidney stones, urolithiasis, Urinary retention, tumours

** right kidney pain ( its location below the area of liver pain )

** left kidney pain

** kidney pain ( kidney stone, kidney cancer, hydronephrosis )

** γ1-expressed in virtually all tissues, including heart, muscle, colon, kidney, pancreas, and spleen

** IgA nephropathy, a form of glomerulonephritis ( inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney )

** Liver, kidney, gallbladder, or pancreas functions

** Hilum of kidney

** Can predispose to pyelonephritis ( kidney infections )

** Imipenem can be hydrolysed in the mammalian kidney by a dehydropeptidase enzyme to a nephrotoxic metabolite, and so is given with a dehydropeptidase inhibitor, cilastatin

** Addison's disease is a rare disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of glucocorticoids ( mainly cortisol ).

** Bluetongue disease fact sheet

** Diseases: cancer — diabetes — obesity — hereditary disease — communicable disease

** Maple syrup urine disease and other organic acidurias

** Type 1 glycogen storage disease

** Type III glycogen storage disease.

** Family Bornaviridae-Borna disease virus

** Salt, allowing a horse to catch the nagana disease, so that after recovery the horse can be used in infected areas

** Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires ' disease.

** Lloyd French, American director, heart disease ( d. 1950 )

** Delegates attending an American Legion convention at The Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US, begin falling ill with a form of pneumonia: this will eventually be recognised as the first outbreak of Legionnaires ' disease and will end in the deaths of 29 attendees.

** Woody Guthrie, American folk musician ( b. 1912 ) ( Huntington's disease )

** Insomnia: Insomnia is often a symptom of a mood disorder ( i. e., emotional stress, anxiety, depression ) or underlying health condition ( i. e., asthma, diabetes, heart disease, pregnancy or neurological conditions ).

** Rh D negative antenatal patients should receive RhoGam at 28 weeks to prevent Rh disease.

** George Huntington, provided an early comprehensive description of Huntington's disease

** Lyme, Connecticut, a town in southeastern Connecticut, the namesake of Lyme disease

** The pathologic process, injury, or disease that directly results in or initiates a series of events that lead to a person's death ( also called mechanism of death ), such as a bullet wound to the head, exsanguination caused by a stab wound, manual or ligature strangulation, myocardial infarction resulting from coronary artery disease, etc.

** Endocrinologic: Diabetes mellitus type 1, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease

** Gastrointestinal: Coeliac disease, Crohn's Disease, Pernicious anaemia

** Degenerative disease, a disease that causes deterioration over time