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** DNA introduced to cells via transfection or viral infection ( transduction ) is an exogenous factor.
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** and DNA
** genetic structure: DNA — DNA replication — nucleosome — genetic code — codon — transcription factor — transcription — translation — RNA — histone — telomere
** molecular genetics: DNA fingerprinting — genetic fingerprint — microsatellite — gene knockout — imprinting — RNA interference
** Molecular Techniques: gel electrophoresis — transformation — PCR — PCR mutagenesis — primer — chromosome walking — RFLP — restriction enzyme — sequencing — shotgun sequencing — cloning — culture — DNA microarray
** histone acetyltransferase ( HAT ) activity – acetylates histone proteins, which weakens the association of DNA with histones, which make the DNA more accessible to transcription, thereby up-regulating transcription
** histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) activity – deacetylates histone proteins, which strengthens the association of DNA with histones, which make the DNA less accessible to transcription, thereby down-regulating transcription
** In London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neanderthal skeleton, which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution, placing an " African Eve " at 100, 000 to 200, 000 years ago.
** The first publication reporting the production of a recombinant DNA molecule marks the birth of modern molecular biology methodology.
** At a scientific meeting in Honolulu, Herbert Boyer and Stanley N. Cohen conceive the concept of recombinant DNA.
** James D. Watson and Francis Crick of the University of Cambridge announce their discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule.
** Populus szechuanica – Sichuan Poplar ( Northeast Asia ) Placed here by nuclear DNA ; cpDNA places in sect.
** and introduced
** Commodore Amiga, a family of personal computers introduced to the market in 1985 after Commodore International purchased the original developers, Amiga Corporation
** Commodore 128 ( or C128, CBM 128, or C = 128 ), a home / personal computer introduced in January 1985, the last 8-bit machine commercially released by Commodore Business Machines
** Openness Euphoria, 1974 – 1982 during which policies were introduced to encourage Arab and foreign investment through a series of incentives and liberalizing trade and payment ; the economy expanded but this proved unsustainable and growth consequently scaled back.
** Economic Reform, 1991 – 2007, reform policies were introduced to meet the terms of international institutions, lenders and donors, including wider incentives to the role of the private sector in all economic activities.
** Theatre of the United Kingdom – introduced by the Romans and part of the British culture since at least 1585.
** The Hungarian Forint is introduced in Hungary by the government, ending the world's biggest hyperinflation in the country.
** Euro notes and coins are introduced in France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Greece, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Austria, Ireland and the Netherlands.
** Minuteman-III still being a missile with three solid-fuel stages, introduced in the post-boost stage (“ bus ”) an additional liquid-fuel propulsion system rocket engine ( PSRE ) that is used to slightly adjust the trajectory.
** In season 11 ( Raja Ampat ), two new rules were introduced: the hidden immunity idol, known in its appearance in the US version, and a new rule called the " vote noir " ( black vote ).
** Also in Survivor Philippines: Celebrity Doubles Showdown, the " Temptation Reward " was introduced.
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