** Fluid dynamics or hydrodynamics, the study of fluid flow

** Flowmaster V7 Software for the analysis of fluid mechanics within pipe networks using 1D Computational Fluid Dynamics

** Fluid statics, the science of fluids at rest

** Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer tools:

** Fluid in the pleural cavity causing pleural effusion.

** Fluid in the peritoneal cavity causing ascites.

** Fluid restrict to 1 L.

** Applied Mechanics, Thermo-and Fluid Dynamics

** MFC Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits

** Fluid overload

** Department of Fluid Mechanics Engineering

** AP 237, Fluid dynamics

** Fluid immersion in Diesel, water, salt water or lube oils for 2-days

** Integration of Advanced Emission Controls to Produce Next-Generation Circulating Fluid Bed Coal Generating Unit

** Fluid handling equipment ( valves and pumps )

** Salt ( sodium ) and water retention

** Selective retention

** Forced retention

** Data retention ( telecommunication )

** Earlier generation displays were more susceptible to screen burn-in and image retention, recent models have a pixel orbiter that moves the entire picture slower than is noticeable to the human eye, which reduces the effect of burn-in but does not prevent it.

** Obstruction: kidney stones, urolithiasis, Urinary retention, tumours

** higher retention of foliar nutrients within the harvested area

** 4. 13 Knowledge of data backup, storage, maintenance, retention and restoration practices

** your body storing fat predominantly in the abdomen, as opposed to storing it in hips and thighs.

** Obesity ( extra weight pushes down on the abdomen increasing the pressure )

** Swelling in the hands, feet, abdomen, or face

** Intraperitoneal transfusion-blood transfused into fetal abdomen

** Mesenteric adenitis is an inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the abdomen.

** Appendicitis ( starts here, after several times moves to lower right abdomen )

** extravascular volume overload ( oedema, pleural effusion or ascites )

* Fluid retention, and carpal tunnel syndrome

Fluid is introduced through a permanent tube in the abdomen and flushed out either every night while the patient sleeps ( automatic peritoneal dialysis ) or via regular exchanges throughout the day ( continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ).

Fluid may therefore accumulate in the skin of the legs in the form of edema ( swelling ), and in the abdominal cavity in the form of ascites ; decreased exercise tolerance and exertional chest pain may occur.

Cirrhosis itself may lead to additional and more serious complications, including bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus ( esophageal varices ) and stomach ( gastric varices ) and severe fluid retention in the abdomen ( ascites ).

Regardless of the cause, sequestration of fluid within the abdomen leads to additional fluid retention by the kidneys due to stimulatory effect on blood pressure hormones, notably aldosterone.

Liver cirrhosis may lead to portal hypertension, ascites ( accumulation of fluid in the abdomen ), easy bruising or bleeding, varices ( enlarged veins, especially in the stomach and esophagus ), jaundice, and a syndrome of cognitive impairment known as hepatic encephalopathy.

Ascites is detected on physical examination of the abdomen by visible bulging of the flanks in the reclining patient (" flank bulging "), " shifting dullness " ( difference in percussion note in the flanks that shifts when the patient is turned on the side ) or in massive ascites with a " fluid thrill " or " fluid wave " ( tapping or pushing on one side will generate a wave-like effect through the fluid that can be felt in the opposite side of the abdomen ).

In those with severe ascites causing a tense abdomen, hospitalization is generally necessary for paracentesis.

* Swelling of the abdomen with fluid ( ascites )

The increased portal pressure causes: 1 ) increased filtration of vascular fluid with the formation of ascites in the abdomen ; and 2 ) collateral venous flow through alternative veins leading to oesophageal, gastric and rectal varices.

Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by a variable constellation of symptoms, which may include feeling unwell, enlargement of the liver, development of fluid in the abdomen ( ascites ), and modest elevation of liver enzyme levels ( as determined by liver function tests ).

* abdomen ( ascites )

Edema is commonly observed in the feet and legs, particularly in individuals with poorly functioning venous valves, and in the belly or abdomen ( ascites ), and around the eyes, but can occur anywhere, especially in response to gravity.

Two forms of hepatorenal syndrome have been defined: Type 1 HRS entails a rapidly progressive decline in kidney function, while type 2 HRS is associated with ascites ( fluid accumulation in the abdomen ) that does not improve with standard diuretic medications.

Type 2 HRS is thought to be part of a spectrum of illness associated with increased pressures in the portal vein circulation, which begins with the development of fluid in the abdomen ( ascites ).

Also, large volume paracentesis — which is the removal of ascites fluid from the abdomen using a needle or catheter in order to relieve discomfort — may cause enough alteration in hemodynamics to precipitate HRS, and should be avoided in individuals at risk.