** Seleucus II Callinicus, king of the Seleucid kingdom from 246 BC

** Antiochus Hierax, younger brother of Seleucus II, who has fought with him over the control of the Seleucid dominions in the Middle East ( b. c. 263 BC )

** Seleucus III, king of the Seleucid dynasty from 226 BC ( assassinated )

** Ptolemy III, King of Egypt, who has reunited Egypt and Cyrenaica and successfully waged the Third Syrian War against the Seleucid kingdom

** Molon, general of the Seleucid king Antiochus III who has rebelled against his rule

** Hermeias, the favourite and chief minister of the Seleucid king Seleucus III and, for a short time, chief minister to Antiochus III

** Andragoras, Seleucid satrap ( governor ) of Parthia

** Achaeus, Seleucid general and later separatist ruler of most of Anatolia until his defeat and execution by the Seleucid king Antiochus III

** Demetrius II Nicator, king of the Seleucid Empire from 145 BC and 129 BC ( d. 125 BC )

** Mattathias, father of Judas Maccabaeus, Jewish priest from Modi ' in, near Jerusalem, who has started and briefly led a rebellion by the Jews in Judea against the Seleucid kingdom of Syria

** Antiochus V Eupator, ruler of the Seleucid Empire, who has reigned from 164 BC ( b. c. 173 BC )

** Lysias or Lusias, Seleucid general and governor of Syria and regent for Antiochus V Eupator

** Judas Maccabeus, third son of the Jewish priest Mattathias, who has led the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire until his death

** Timarchus, Seleucid nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Anatolia, appointed governor of Media in western Iran by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and who has rebelled against his successor, Demetrius I Soter, until he is killed in a battle with Demetrius ' forces

** Berenice ( Seleucid queen ), daughter of Ptolemy II of Egypt and wife of Seleucid monarch Antiochus II Theos

** Roman Mesopotamia, Roman Assyria ( 2nd c. AD )

** Persian Mesopotamia, Persian Asuristan ( Assyria ) ( 3rd to 7th c. AD )

** Arab Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia ( mid 7th c. AD )

** Arcesilas rules northern Mesopotamia.

** Mithridates I ( or Mithradates ), " Great King " of Parthia from about 171 BC who will turn Parthia into a major political power and expand the empire westward into Mesopotamia ( d. 138 BC )

** British Mandate of Mesopotamia

** The Great War battalions: Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914 ' 18, Aisne 1914, La Bassée 1914, Ypres 1914 ' 17 ' 18, Langemarck 1914, Gheluvelt, Nonne Bosschen, Givenchy 1914, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers, Festubert 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 ' 18, Albert 1916, Bazentin, Delville Wood, Pozières, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Thiepval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916, Arras 1917 ' 18, Vimy 1917, Scarpe 1917 ' 18, Arleux, Pilckem, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 ' 18, St Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Rosières, Lys, Estaires, Messines 1918, Hazebrouck, Kemmel, Béthune, Scherpenberg, Soissonnais-Ourcq, Tardenois, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Épéhy, St Quentin Canal, Beaurevoir, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914-18, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1915-18, Egypt 1916, Gaza, Jerusalem, Tell ' Asur, Megiddo, Sharon, Damascus, Palestine 1917-18, Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1915-17

** Murder in Mesopotamia

** Mesopotamia: Egypt 1916, Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Bagdhad, Mesopotamia 1916-18

** Mesopotamia: Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1916-18

** Mesopotamia: Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1916-18

** Nam-Lugal High kings of ancient Sumer ( Mesopotamia ).

** The Queen's Colours: Mons, Retreat from Mons, Aisne 1914, Ypres 1914 ' 15 ' 17 ' 18, Hill 60, Festubert 1915, Somme 1916 ' 18, Albert 1916 ' 18, Arras 1917 ' 18, Cambrai 1917 ' 18, Hindenburg Line, Italy 1917-18, Doiran 1917-18, Landing at Helles, Gaza, Jerusalem, Palestine 1917-18, Kut al Amara 1915 ' 17, Mesopotamia 1915-18, North West Frontier India 1915 1916-17, Dunkirk 1940, Normandy Landing, Caen, Rhine, North-West Europe 1944-45, Abyssinia 1941, El Alamein, Tebourba Gap, Hunt's Gap, Longstop Hill 1943, North Africa 1940-43, Sicily 1943, Salerno, Anzio, Cassino, Gothic Line, Italy 1943-45, Malta 1940-42, Malaya 1941-42, Hong Kong, Defence of Kohima, Burma 1943-45

** The Great War battalions: Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914 ' 18, Aisne 1914, La Bassée 1914, Ypres 1914 ' 17 ' 18, Langemarck 1914, Gheluvelt, Nonne Bosschen, Givenchy 1914, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers, Festubert 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 ' 18, Albert 1916, Bazentin, Delville Wood, Pozières, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Thiepval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916, Arras 1917 ' 18, Vimy 1917, Scarpe 1917 ' 18, Arleux, Pilckem, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 ' 18, St Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Rosières, Lys, Estaires, Messines 1918, Hazebrouck, Kemmel, Béthune, Scherpenberg, Soissonnais-Ourcq, Tardenois, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Épéhy, St Quentin Canal, Beaurevoir, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914-18, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1915-18, Egypt 1916, Gaza, Jerusalem, Tell ' Asur, Megiddo, Sharon, Damascus, Palestine 1917-18, Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1915-17

** Volume I: Outbreak of Hostilities, Campaign in Lower Mesopotamia, Brigadier-General F. J. Moberly, 1923

** Volume IV: The Campaign in Upper Mesopotamia to the Armistice, Brigadier-General F. J. Moberly, 1927

** Mesopotamia

** c. 3500 BC: Lapis lazuli imported from Badakshan and / or Mesopotamia ( see Silk Road )

** Middle East: Kut-al-Amara, Ctesiphon, Defence of Kut-al-Amara, Tigris 1916, Khan Baghdadi, Mesopotamia 1914-18

** 1 October-RAF military control of Mesopotamia begins.

** Laozi ( 5th – 4th century BC )

** Zhuangzi ( 4th century BC )

** " ABC " ( Jin song ), Jin's first single off his 4th album " ABC " ( American-born Chinese )

** James ( Jaime ), 4th Duke of Braganza and 2nd Duke of Guimarães.

** 4th Foreign Regiment ( 4 < sup > e </ sup > RE ), based in Castelnaudary ( training )

** Mishnaic Hebrew – Post Temple Roman Era ( 1st through 4th Century CE )

** " The Lisp Machine manual, 4th Edition, July 1981 "

** Persian Babylonia, Achaemenid Assyria ( 6th to 4th c. BC )

** George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie, British politician ( d. 2003 )

** Fermín Monasterio Pérez is killed by the ETA in Biscay, Spain, being the 4th victim in the name of Basque nationalism.

** Troops of the Yugoslav 4th Army, together with the Slovene 9th Corpus NOV, enter Trieste.

** The British 8th Army, together with Slovene partisan troops and a motorized detachment of the Yugoslav 4th Army, arrives in Carinthia and Klagenfurt.

** Frederick William Franz, a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses and 4th President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society ( b. 1893 )

** William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland, politician ( b. 1768 )

** İsmet İnönü is appointed as the prime minister in Turkey ( Turkey's 4th and İnönü's 3rd government ).

** John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, ( Lord Dunmore ) ( d. 1809 )

** Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester ( d. 1628 )

** Robert Menzies's government is re-elected for a 4th term in Australia.

** Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford ( d. 1641 )

** Dudley North, 4th Baron North ( d. 1677 )

** Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton ( d. 1667 )

** Yonten Gyatso, 4th Dalai Lama ( b. 1589 )

** George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon, English nobleman ( d. 1604 )

** Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury ( d. 1428 )