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** Wilms tumor
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** and Wilms
** First Prize Winners ( 3 ): Florian Ostermaier / Henrike Wilms ( DE ), Márton Spohn ( HU ) and Abdusalam Abubakar ( IE )
** and tumor
** Other cases are due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an adenoma ( tumor ) of the adrenal gland.
** The tumor has been biopsied prior to removal or there is local spillage of tumor during surgery, confined to the flank.
** N1: regional lymph node metastasis present ; ( at some sites: tumor spread to closest or small number of regional lymph nodes )
** N3: tumor spread to more distant or numerous regional lymph nodes ( N3 is not used at all sites )
** Brain tumor: The risk in children increases significantly with higher amount of passive smoking, even if the mother doesn't smoke, thus not restricting risk to prenatal exposure during pregnancy.
Wilms and tumor
Wilms ' tumor is most common in children under the age of 5, but can rarely be diagnosed in older children or in adults.
Wilms ' tumor or nephroblastoma is cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children, rarely in adults.
Its common name is an eponym, referring to Dr. Max Wilms, the German surgeon ( 1867 – 1918 ) who first described this kind of tumor.
A rupture of Wilms ' tumor puts the patient at risk of hemorrhage and peritoneal dissemination of the tumor.
Wilms ' tumor is a malignant tumor containing metanephric blastema, stromal and epithelial derivatives.
Tumor-specific loss-of-heterozygosity ( LOH ) for chromosomes 1p and 16q identifies a subset of Wilms ' tumor patients who have a significantly increased risk of relapse and death.
A gene on the X chromosome, WTX, is inactivated in up to 30 % of Wilms ' tumor cases, according to research published in 2007.
Stage IV Wilms ' tumor is defined as the presence of hematogenous metastases ( lung, liver, bone, or brain ), or lymph node metastases outside the abdomenopelvic region.
Most children (> 80 %) with BWS do not develop cancer ; however, children with BWS are much more likely (~ 600 times more ) than other children to develop certain childhood cancers, particularly Wilms ' tumor ( nephroblastoma ) and hepatoblastoma.
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