# Nogai Horde ( 1440s )

Although a phonetic Korean alphabet, now known as hangul, had been created by a team of scholars commissioned in the 1440s by King Sejong the Great, it did not come into widespread use until the late 19th and early 20th century.

In 1440s, all lands with Volga Bulgar population were included into the Khanate of Kazan, which was ruled by Mongol dynasties.

The Khanty duchies were partially included in the Siberia Khanate from the 1440s – 1570s.

The hexagonal Great Tower was probably begun in the 1430s and 1440s, possibly on the motte of a previous castle.

In a German pack from the 1440s, Queens replace Kings in two of the suits as the highest card.

The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.

By the late 1440s, two opposing factions had formed behind Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, and Richard of York.

1440s illustration of one-and two-handed use of the longsword.

In the fifteenth century, the ruined castle of Ussé was purchased by Jean V de Bueil, a captain-general of Charles VII who became seigneur of Ussé in 1431 and began rebuilding it in the 1440s ; his son Antoine de Bueil married in 1462 Jeanne de Valois, the natural daughter of Charles VII and Agnès Sorel, who brought as dowry 40000 golden écus.

Uppsala became the seat of the Archbishop of Sweden in 1167, with Scandinavia's largest church building Uppsala Cathedral inaugurated in the 1440s.

The assassin's first appearance in Serbian sources is in the biography of Stefan Lazarević, Lazar's son, by Constantine the Philosopher, written in the 1440s.

According to many academics, the Court of Chancery really began to expand its caseload during the 15th century ; Margaret Avery reports a massive increase in cases during the 1440s, while Nicholas Pronay suggests that the real expansion came during Yorkist rule ( 1461 – 85 ), when the number of cases submitted each year quadrupled.

Mayapan was the political and cultural capital of the Maya in the Yucatán Peninsula during the Late Post-Classic period from the 1220s until the 1440s.

Zurich claimed and lost the Toggenburg in the Old Zurich War of the 1440s.

The Missa Caput is almost certainly an early work, since it follows on an anonymous English mass of the same title dated to the 1440s, and his late masses may include the Missa Ma maistresse and Missa Fors seulement, in view of both his innovative treatment of the cantus firmus, and his tendency to write more and more homogeneous textures later in his life.

These innovations contributed to his earliest successes against Ottoman troops plundering the southern marches in the early 1440s.

He actively took part in the civil war between the partisans of Wladislas I and the minor Ladislaus V, two claimants to the throne of Hungary in the early 1440s, on behalf on the former.

) Museo Nazionale del Bargello h. 158 cmDonatello's bronze statue of David ( circa 1440s ) is famous as the first unsupported standing work of bronze cast during the Renaissance, and the first freestanding nude male sculpture made since antiquity.

Most scholars assume the statue was commissioned by Cosimo de ' Medici, but the date of its creation is unknown and widely disputed ; suggested dates vary from the 1420s to the 1460s ( Donatello died in 1466 ), with the majority opinion recently falling in the 1440s, when the new Medici Palace designed by Michelozzo was under construction.

The famous Janissary corps of the Ottoman army were using matchlock muskets as early as the 1440s.

Relations between the senior Medici branch and the younger " Popolani " branch had been tense since the 1440s, and Pierfrancesco had tried to shield his sons from the influence of the senior branch.

With the fall of Mayapán in the 1440s, Oxkutzcab became a regional capital ruled by the Xiu family.

After the fall of Yucatán's central government in Mayapan in the 1440s, the Pech ruled a regional kingdom called Cehpech with its capital in Motul.

Dufay was to remain in Cambrai through the 1440s, and during this time he was also in the service of the Duke of Burgundy.

Although the stock and trade of the Rossellino shop would have been the supply of building material and simple tasks of stonemasonry, several projects, combining sculptural and architectural features, were of particular significance during the 1440s.

* 1395 – Tokhtamysh – Timur war: Battle of the Terek River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Volga.

The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the Golden Horde throne.

She was reportedly one of several wives of Uzbeg Khan of the Golden Horde.

* Maria, who married Toqta, Khan of the Golden Horde

However, Casimir III the Great submitted to the Golden Horde and undertook to pay tribute in order to avoid more conflicts.

* 1408 – Emir Edigu of Golden Horde reaches Moscow.

These films include Creature from the Black Lagoon, Bend of the River, Untamed Frontier, The Golden Horde, Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman, Man Made Monster, While the City Sleeps and The Monster That Challenged the World.

One reason was that the Huns never fully established the mechanisms of a state, such as bureaucracy and taxes, unlike Bulgars, Magyars or the Golden Horde.

Conquest by the Mongol Golden Horde in the 13th century was the final blow.

Although a Russian army defeated the Golden Horde at Kulikovo in 1380, Mongol domination of the Russian-inhabited territories, along with demands of tribute from Russian princes, continued until about 1480.

Alexander Nevsky in the Golden Horde | Horde

In the wake of the Mongol invasions of the 1230s, Volga Bulgaria was absorbed by the Golden Horde and its population evolved into the modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars.

The princes of southern and eastern Russia had to pay tribute to the Mongols of the Golden Horde, commonly called Tatars ; but in return they received charters authorizing them to act as deputies to the khans.

Refusing further tribute to the Tatars, Ivan initiated a series of attacks that opened the way for the complete defeat of the declining Golden Horde, now divided into several Khanates and hordes.

From Sinope he took a sea route to Crimea, arriving so in the Golden Horde realm.

* 1391 – Tokhtamysh – Timur war: Battle of the Kondurcha River – Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present day southeast Russia.

After the Mongol capture of the Kara-Khitan, Kazakhstan fell under the control of a succession of rulers of the Mongolian Golden Horde, the western branch of the Mongol Empire.

For the next 200 years, the Kyrgyz remained under the Golden Horde, Chagatai Khanate and the Oirats as well as Dzungars that succeeded that regime.

In 1241, 1259 and 1275 the country was ravaged by raids from the Golden Horde.

* Sarai-Capital of the Golden Horde

** Khans of the Golden Horde