* 1544 – Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania ( d. 1606 )

* 1544 – French forces defeat a Spanish army at the Battle of Ceresole.

* Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst: 1252 – 1396 and 1544 – 1796

* Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau 1544 – 1553 and 1603 – 1665

Valerius Cordus ( 1515 – 1544 ) authored a pharmacopoeia of lasting importance, the Dispensatorium in 1546.

* 1526 – 1544: Matthias von Jagow, Lutheran

* 1544 – 1546: Sede vacante

* 1603 – William Gilbert, English physicist and physician ( b. 1544 )

* Francis II of France ( 1544 – 1560 )

* 1519 – René of Châlon, ( d. 1544 )

* Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( December 28, 1526 – May 20, 1589 ) who married Christoph, Duke of Württemberg in 1544.

In Indian astronomy, Aryabhata's Aryabhatiya ( 499 CE ) proposed the Earth's rotation, while Nilakantha Somayaji ( 1444 – 1544 ) of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics proposed a semi-heliocentric model resembling the Tychonic system.

* 1544 – King Francis II of France ( d. 1560 )

* 1544 – Italian War of 1542 – 1546: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.

For example, Italy, France, and Spain produced noted writers of mercantilist themes including Italy's Giovanni Botero ( 1544 – 1617 ) and Antonio Serra ( 1580 -?

* 1544 – Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden ( b. 1488 )

The myth is illustrated by two paintings, " Apollo and Marsyas " by Palma il Giovane ( 1544 – 1628 ), one depicting the scene before, and one after, the punishment.

* 1491 – Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet ( d. 1544 )

He was a lawyer, a graduate in 1544 of the University of Bologna, which was pre-eminent in jurisprudence, and became secretary to Cardinal Nicolò Ardinghelli before entering the service of Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, brother of the Duke of Parma and grandson of Pope Paul III ( 1534 – 1549 ), one of the great patrons of the time.

* 1544 – Takenaka Shigeharu, Japanese samurai ( d. 1579 )

* William Gilbert ( 1544 – 1603 ) published On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth in 1600, which laid the foundations of a theory of magnetism and electricity.

* April 25 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet ( b. 1544 )

* Torquato Tasso ( 11 March 1544 – 25 April 1595 ), Italian poet

Their son, the great poet Torquato Tasso, was born at Sorrento in 1544.

* April 25-Torquato Tasso, poet ( born 1544 )

By the time William Grindal became her tutor in 1544, Elizabeth could write English, Latin, and Italian.

* November 8: Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet ( d. 1544 )

He published a translation of De Materia Medica into Italian in 1544 and ten years later later published a work in Latin with all the plants of Dioscorides and 562 woodcut illustrations.

During the Italian War of 1542, he unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil in 1544, and was Captain General of the Vanguard of the army for the attack on Boulogne in 1545.

In 1544 he served in the Italian campaign under the Count of Enghien, and was knighted on the Field of Ceresole.

Realdo Colombo ( c. 1516, Cremona – 1559, Rome ) was an Italian professor of anatomy and a surgeon at the University of Padua between 1544 and 1559.

Mariangelo Accorso (; 1489 or 1490 – 1544 or 1546 ) was an Italian writer and critic.

* Jacopo Palma ( Italian, 1544 – 1628 )

Notable herbalists included Pietro Andrea Mattioli ( 1501 – 1577 ), physician to the Italian aristocracy and his Commentarii ( 1544 ), which included many newly described species, and his more traditional herbal Epistolarum Medicinalium Libri Quinque ( 1561 ).

In 1544 Charles V returned to Germany from the Italian War after he had signed the Treaty of Crépy and began to forge alliances not only with Pope Paul III but also with Lutheran princes, foremost with Duke Maurice of Saxony, the Albertine cousin of Saxon Elector John Frederick I.

Giovanni Maria Nanino ( also Nanini ; 1543 or 1544 – March 11, 1607 ) was an Italian composer and teacher of the late Renaissance.

Maddalena Casulana ( c. 1544 – c. 1590 ) was an Italian composer, lutenist and singer of the late Renaissance.

* Giovanni Botero ( c. 1544 – 1617 ), Italian thinker, priest, poet, and diplomat

** Ascanio Trombetti, Italian composer ( born 1544 )

* probable – Maddalena Casulana, Italian lutenist, singer and composer ( born c 1544 )

The first edition of Mattioli's work appeared in 1544 in Italian.

Giovanni Botero ( c. 1544 – 1617 ) was an Italian thinker, priest, poet, and diplomat, best known for his work Della ragion di Stato ( The Reason of State ).

Born around 1544 in Bene Vagienna, in the northern Italian principality of Piedmont, Botero was sent to the Jesuit college in Palermo at the age of 15.

** Antonio Pucci ( cardinal ) ( 1485 – 1544 ), Italian cardinal

During the war of the Rough Wooing, in January 1544 Richard was sent into Scotland with the Italian engineers Antonio da Bergamo and John Thomas Scala, as expert men in the skill of fortifying.