* 1609 – Richard Bennett, English Governor of the Colony of Virginia ( d. 1675 )

Arminianism is based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius ( 1560 – 1609 ) and his historic supporters known as the Remonstrants and is known as a soteriological sect of Protestant Christianity.

* 1609 – Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.

* Alexander III of Imereti ( 1609 – 1660 ), king of Imereti

* 1609 – Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.

* 1609 – Eighty Years ' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.

* 1609 – Daimyo ( Lord ) of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.

The Birth of the Bronx, 1609 – 1900 ( 2000 ), popular

The spelling and names in both the 1609 – 1610 Douay Old Testament ( and in the 1582 Rheims New Testament ) and the 1749 revision by Bishop Challoner ( the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English ) and in the Septuagint ( an ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, which is widely used by the Eastern Orthodox instead of the Masoretic text ) differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions which are derived from the Hebrew Masoretic text.

* Luc d ' Achery ( 1609 – 85 )

* 1609 – Alexander Hume, Scottish poet

* 1609 – Philip Warwick, English writer and politician ( d. 1683 )

* 1526 – Charles de L ' Ecluse, Flemish botanist ( d. 1609 )

* 1670 – King Frederick III of Denmark ( b. 1609 )

* 1609 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English historian ( d. 1674 )

* 1609 – The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking ; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.

* 1609 – Bohemia is granted freedom of religion.

* 1549 – Ferdinando I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1609 )

* Albrecht Christian of Brandenburg ( 7 – 14 March 1609 ).

* 1609 – Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia takes place.

* 1609 – Shakespeare's sonnets are first published in London, perhaps illicitly, by the publisher Thomas Thorpe.

* 1609 – King Frederick III of Denmark ( d. 1670 )

* 1609 – Queen Henrietta Maria of France ( d. 1669 )

* 1569 – Paul Sartorius, German composer and organist ( d. 1609 )

But between 1609 and 1614 King Felipe III expelled thousands of Moriscos who had remained in Valencia after the Reconquista, due to their cooperation with Barbary pirates who continually attacked coastal cities and caused much harm to trade.

The political centralization of Okinawa by King Shō Hashi in 1429 and the policy of banning weapons, enforced in Okinawa after the invasion of the Shimazu clan in 1609, are also factors that furthered the development of unarmed combat techniques in Okinawa.

* Alexander of Imereti ( 1609 – 1660 ), Imeretian Prince and future King of Imereti

* February 19 – King Frederick III of Denmark ( b. 1609 )

* December 6 – King John II Casimir of Poland ( b. 1609 )

In 1609, Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia ( 1576 – 1612 ), increased Protestant rights.

In Holland, the Dutch Republic ’ s 17th-century ( 1609 – 1672 ) mercantilist dominion was a first instance of global, commercial hegemony, made feasible with its technological development of wind power and its Four Great Fleets, for the efficient production and delivery of goods and services, which, in turn, made possible its Amsterdam stock market and concomitant dominance of world trade ; in France, King Louis XIV ( 1638 – 1715 ) and ( Emperor ) Napoleon I ( 1799 – 1815 ) established French hegemony via economic, cultural, and military domination of most of Continental Europe.

In 1609 King James I of England granted Kilkenny a Royal Charter giving it the status of a city.

In 1609 King James I of England granted Kilkenny a Royal Charter giving it the status of a city.

* William Camden ( 1551 – 1623 ), antiquary, historian, and Clarenceux King of Arms, lived in the house later known as Camden Place from c. 1609 until his death there in 1623.

* Frederick III of Denmark ( 1609 – 1670 ), King of Denmark and Norway

On 6 May 1680, Charles married Ulrike Eleonora ( 1656 – 1693 ), daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark ( 1609 – 1670 ).

The title Princess Royal came into existence when Queen Henrietta Maria ( 1609 – 1669 ), daughter of Henry IV, King of France, and wife of King Charles I ( 1600 – 1649 ), wanted to imitate the way the eldest daughter of the King of France was styled " Madame Royale ".

In 1609, Ravaillac claimed to have experienced a vision instructing him to convince King Henry IV to convert the Huguenots to Catholicism.

Other notable buildings in the town include Sackville College, the sandstone almshouse built in 1609 where the Christmas carol " Good King Wenceslas " was written by John Mason Neale.

John II Casimir (; ; ( 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672 ) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania during the era of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, and titular King of Sweden 1648 – 1660.

It was eventually printed and published at Douai, in 1609, two years before the Authorized King James Version.

King Sigismund III Vasa confirmed the status of the town in 1609.

On the model of King James I's Basilikon Doron, the 9th Earl wrote an essay of advice to his son in 1609.