* 1642 – Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of the British Army.

* 1642 – Charles I calls the English Parliament traitors.

* 1612 – Saskia van Uylenburgh, Dutch model, wife of Rembrandt ( d. 1642 )

Mainly Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) but also Marin Mersenne ( 1588 – 1648 ), independently, discovered the complete laws of vibrating strings ( completing what Pythagoras and Pythagoreans had started 2000 years earlier ).

Meanwhile Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) derived the relationship for wave velocity in solids, a cornerstone of physical acoustics ( Principia, 1687 ).

* 1586 – William Hutchinson, English-American judge ( d. 1642 )

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) provoked a number of examples of this genre, including works by Sir Edmund Ludlow and Sir John Reresby.

A phenomenal number of paintings are ascribed to him, some of which are likely to be by other masters of the golden landscape, such as Abraham Calraet ( 1642 – 1722 ), whose initials A. C. may be mistaken for Cuyp's.

Charles was defeated in the First Civil War ( 1642 – 45 ), after which Parliament expected him to accept its demands for a constitutional monarchy.

* 1715 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar ( b. 1642 )

* 1642 – Abel Tasman becomes first European to land in New Zealand.

* 1642 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer ( d. 1703 )

* 1642 – Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman ( b. 1585 )

Isaac Newton's ( 1642 – 1727 ) mathematical explanation of universal gravitation explained the behavior both of objects here on earth and of objects in the heavens in a way that promoted a worldview in which the natural universe is controlled by laws of nature.

* 1642 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet ( d. 1707 )

* 1642 – Abel Janszoon Tasman reaches New Zealand.

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ).

The first ( 1642 – 46 ) and second ( 1648 – 49 ) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war ( 1649 – 51 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

During the Thirty Years ' War, Swedish Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna brought the Moravian Brethren refugee John Amos Comenius to Elbląg for six years ( 1642 – 48 ).

The Church considers the first seven Ecumenical Councils ( held between the 4th and the 8th century ) to be the most important ; however, there have been more, specifically the Synods of Constantinople, 879 – 880, 1341, 1347, 1351, 1583, 1819, and 1872, the Synod of Iaşi ( Jassy ), 1642, and the Pan-Orthodox Synod of Jerusalem, 1672, all of which helped to define the Orthodox position.

* 1564 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist ( d. 1642 )

* October 31 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( b. 1642 )

Together they had two children: Cosimo, in 1642, and Francesco Maria de ' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, in 1660.

Cosimo III de ' Medici ( 14 August 1642 – 31 October 1723 ) was the penultimate Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Cosimo de ' Medici was born on 14 August 1642, the eldest surviving son of Vittoria della Rovere of Urbino, and Ferdinando II de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Together they had two children: Cosimo, in 1642, and Francesco Maria de ' Medici, in 1660.

* Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 1642 – 1723 )

Other monastic establishments include the old Franciscan cloister ( 1635 ), Basilian convent ( 1720 – 51, by Giuseppe Fontana III ), the church of the Bridgettine cloister ( 1642, one of the earliest Baroque buildings in the region ) with the wooden two-storey dormitory ( 1630s ) still standing on the grounds, and the 18th-century buildings of the Dominican monastery ( its cathedral was demolished in 1874 ).

* History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603 – 1642 by Samuel Rawson Gardiner ( 1883 ): Volume I ( 1603 – 1607 ), Volume II ( 1607 – 1616 ), Volume III ( 1616 – 1621 ), Volume IV ( 1621 – 1623 ), Volume V ( 1623 – 1625 ), Volume VI ( 1625 – 1629 ), Volume VII ( 1629 – 1635 ), Volume VIII ( 1635 – 1639 ), Volume IX ( 1639 – 1641 ), Volume X ( 1641 – 1642 )

* History of the Great Civil War, 1642 – 1649 by Samuel Rawson Gardiner ( 1886 – 1901 ): Volume I ( 1642 – 1644 ), Volume II ( 1644 – 1647 ), Volume III ( 1645 – 1647 ), Volume IV ( 1647 – 1649 )

The reverse shows the legend in two lines -- The religion of the Protestants, the laws of England and the liberty of Parliament, with three plumes and the value numeral III above the declaration and the year 1642 below it, the whole being surrounded by the legend -- Let God arise and His enemies be scattered.

Charles I first bestowed this title on his eldest daughter, Mary, Princess of Orange ( mother of William III ), in 1642.

Still finding no gainful employment in Boston, following the baptism of his son John III in April 1642, he leased a tobacco plantation in Flatlands, Long Island, in New Netherland, though apparently he never occupied that land.

A battle was fought near Antrim between the English and Irish in the reign of Edward III ; and in 1642 a naval engagement took place on Lough Neagh, for Viscount Massereene and Ferrard ( who founded Antrim Castle in 1662 ) had a right to maintain a fighting fleet on the lough.

( Alzog on Cyril Lucaris III, 465 ; Synod of Constantinople, 1638 ; Synod of Jassy, 1642 ; Synod of Jerusalem, 1672 ) In the Synod of Jerusalem the Church reiterates its belief in Seven Sacraments, among them Penance, which Christ is believed to have established when he said: " Whose sins you shall forgive they are forgiven them, and whose sins you shall retain they are retained.

*-La Fortune de la Cour, ouvrage curieux tiré des Mémoires d ' un des principaux Conseillers du duc d ' Alençon, frère du Roy Henri III, Paris, Nicolas de Sercy, 1642.

* Emetullah Rabia Gülnûş Sultan ( 1642 – 1715 ) was the wife of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and Valide Sultan to their sons Mustafa II and Ahmed III ( 1695 – 1715 ).

The Dutch explorer and entrepreneur David de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 (" the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily ").

* 1642 – Marie de ' Medici, French wife of Henry IV of France ( b. 1573 )

* 1642 – Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve ( 1612 – 1676 ) founds the Ville Marie de Montréal.

de: 1642

* April 26 – Marie de ' Medici, queen of Henry IV of France ( d. 1642 )

* Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette of France ( 1554 – 1642 ), nobleman

** Benjamin de Rohan, duc de Soubise, French Huguenot leader ( d. 1642 )

In 1642, the Jesuit ( Society of Jesus ) sponsored a group of settlers, led by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, who founded Ville-Marie, precursor to present-day Montreal.

In 1642, Bossuet enrolled in the Collège de Navarre in Paris to finish his classical studies and to begin the study of philosophy and theology.

For the rest of 1642 and part of the 1643 campaigns, Thomas Francis ommanded Piedmontese forces fighting alongside the French under Henri II d ' Orléans, duc de Longueville against the Spanish, generally along the Piedmont / Milan border ; when Longueville was recalled home, he succeeded him as allied commander-in-chief, with Henri de la Tour d ' Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne as his second-in-command.

For the rest of 1642 and part of the 1643 campaigns, Thomas commanded Piedmontese forces fighting alongside the French under Henri II d ' Orléans, duc de Longueville against the Spanish, generally along the Piedmont / Milan border ; when Longueville was recalled home, Thomas succeeded him as allied commander-in-chief, with Turenne as his second-in-command.

* Lettres de Bérénice à Titus ( 1642 ), a French novel by Madeleine de Scudéry

Marie de Médicis () ( 26 April 1575 – 4 July 1642 ), Italian Maria de ' Medici, () was Queen consort of France, as the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon.

Born at the Château de Fontainebleau, Louis XIII was the oldest child of Henry IV of France ( 1553 – 1610 ) and Marie de ' Medici ( 1575 – 1642 ).

Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal-duc de Richelieu et de Fronsac (; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642 ) was a French clergyman, noble and statesman.