* 1642 – Charles I calls the English Parliament traitors.

* 1612 – Saskia van Uylenburgh, Dutch model, wife of Rembrandt ( d. 1642 )

Mainly Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) but also Marin Mersenne ( 1588 – 1648 ), independently, discovered the complete laws of vibrating strings ( completing what Pythagoras and Pythagoreans had started 2000 years earlier ).

Meanwhile Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) derived the relationship for wave velocity in solids, a cornerstone of physical acoustics ( Principia, 1687 ).

* 1586 – William Hutchinson, English-American judge ( d. 1642 )

* 1642 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1723 )

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) provoked a number of examples of this genre, including works by Sir Edmund Ludlow and Sir John Reresby.

A phenomenal number of paintings are ascribed to him, some of which are likely to be by other masters of the golden landscape, such as Abraham Calraet ( 1642 – 1722 ), whose initials A. C. may be mistaken for Cuyp's.

Charles was defeated in the First Civil War ( 1642 – 45 ), after which Parliament expected him to accept its demands for a constitutional monarchy.

* 1715 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar ( b. 1642 )

* 1642 – Abel Tasman becomes first European to land in New Zealand.

* 1642 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer ( d. 1703 )

* 1642 – Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman ( b. 1585 )

Isaac Newton's ( 1642 – 1727 ) mathematical explanation of universal gravitation explained the behavior both of objects here on earth and of objects in the heavens in a way that promoted a worldview in which the natural universe is controlled by laws of nature.

* 1642 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet ( d. 1707 )

* 1642 – Abel Janszoon Tasman reaches New Zealand.

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ).

The first ( 1642 – 46 ) and second ( 1648 – 49 ) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war ( 1649 – 51 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

During the Thirty Years ' War, Swedish Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna brought the Moravian Brethren refugee John Amos Comenius to Elbląg for six years ( 1642 – 48 ).

The Church considers the first seven Ecumenical Councils ( held between the 4th and the 8th century ) to be the most important ; however, there have been more, specifically the Synods of Constantinople, 879 – 880, 1341, 1347, 1351, 1583, 1819, and 1872, the Synod of Iaşi ( Jassy ), 1642, and the Pan-Orthodox Synod of Jerusalem, 1672, all of which helped to define the Orthodox position.

* 1564 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist ( d. 1642 )

* Adventurers Act to raise money to suppress the Irish Rebellion of 1641 19 March 1642

After the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Limerick city was taken in a siege by Catholic general Garret Barry in 1642.

In 1642 – 49, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, there was brief experiment in independent Irish government known as Confederate Ireland.

In 1642 the motto of the Irish Confederates, a Catholic-landlord administration that ruled much of Ireland until 1650 was: Pro Deo, Rege et Patria, Hibernia Unanimis.

In spring 1642 the Irish Catholics formed their own government, the Catholic Confederation, with its capital at Kilkenny, and began to raise their own regular troops, more organized and capable than the irregular militia of the 1641 rebellion.

However in 1642, O ' Neill returned to Ireland with 300 veterans to aid the Irish Rebellion of 1641.

The Green harp flag, a symbol of the Irish nation dating back at least to Confederate Ireland from 1642, used by O ' Neill's forces.

Because of his military experience, O ' Neill was recognised on his return to Ireland, at Doe Castle in Donegal ( end of July 1642 ), as the leading representative of the O ' Neills and head of the Ulster Irish.

He and Lord Inchiquin commanded the forces which defeated the Irish irregular army at the Battle of Liscarroll on 3 September 1642, thereby preserving the Protestant interest in southern Ireland for the remainder of the decade.

( Irish: Uilliam Beidil ; 1571 – 7 February 1642 ), was an Anglican churchman who served as Lord Bishop of Kilmore.

The latter's son, the third Baron, was shot in 1642 on the orders of Sir Phelim O ' Neill, the leader of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.

By 1642 native Irish were de facto in control of much of the nation under a Confederate Ireland, with about a third under the control of the opposition.

Boyle returned to Ireland on the outbreak of the rebellion in 1641 and fought with his brothers against the Irish rebels at the battle of Liscarroll in September 1642.

The rebellion spread throughout the country and at Kilkenny in 1642 the association of The Confederate Catholics of Ireland was formed to organise the Irish Catholic war effort.

Garret Barry, a returned Irish mercenary soldier, took Limerick in 1642, while the townspeople of Galway forced the surrender of the English garrison there in 1643.

When Ulster was occupied by Scottish Covenanter troops in 1642, they retaliated for the attacks on settlers by attacks on the Irish Catholic civilian population.

These were: the Royalists loyal to King Charles, the Scottish Covenanters ( sent into Ulster in 1642 to protect Protestant planters after the massacres that marked the Irish rebellion of 1641 in that region ), the Parliamentarian army and the Irish Confederate army, to whom most of the inhabitants of Ireland gave their allegiance.

The Irish Confederates: Formed in October 1642, the Confederation of Kilkenny was initially a rebel Irish Catholic movement, fighting against the English troops sent to put down the rebellion, though they insisted they were at war with the king's advisers and not with Charles himself.

In the summer of 1642, the Scottish Parliament sent some 10, 000 soldiers to quell the Irish rebellion.

The Wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640, the Scottish Civil War of 1644 – 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Confederate Ireland, 1642 – 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven years war or Irish Confederate Wars ); and the First, Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 – 46, 1648 – 49 and 1650 – 51.