* 1644 – Louise de La Vallière, French mistress of Louis XIV of France ( d. 1710 )

* 1579 – Luis Vélez de Guevara, Spanish writer ( d. 1644 )

* 1644 – Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Bohemian composer ( d. 1704 )

* Alfonso III d ' Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio ( 1628 – 1644 )

* 1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.

* 1644 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier ( d. 1730 )

François de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi, Marshal of France, ( 1644 – 1730 ) by Alexandre-François Caminade.

* Nicolas-Hugues Ménard ( 158 – 1644 )

The Pian Breviary was again altered by Sixtus V in 1588, who introduced the revised Vulgate, in 1602 by Clement VIII ( through Baronius and Bellarmine ), especially as concerns the rubrics ; and by Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ), a purist who altered the text of certain hymns.

The Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1911 ) was the last imperial dynasty in China.

7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644, Part 1.

7, part 1: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644 ( 1988 ).

8: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644, Part 1.

8: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644, Part 2.

* 1709 – Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher ( b. 1644 )

* 1644 – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish chemist ( b. 1577 )

* Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet ( 1610 – 1644 )

* 1644 – Abel Tasman's second Pacific voyage began.

* 1611 – Chongzhen Emperor, Emperor of China ( d. 1644 )

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 6 October 1637 – 20 April 1720 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, ( executed in 1644 ); by his wife, Mary Forbes.

Inoculation was reportedly not widely practised in China until the reign of the Longqing Emperor ( r. 1567 – 1572 ) during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ), as written by Yu Tianchi in his Shadou jijie ( 痧痘集解 ) of 1727, which he alleges was based on Wang Zhangren's Douzhen jinjing lu ( 痘疹金鏡錄 ) of 1579.

Robert Temple quotes an account from Zhang Yan's Zhongdou xinshu ( 種痘新書 ), or New book on smallpox inoculation, written in 1741 during the Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1912 ), which shows how the Chinese process had become refined up until that point:

During the English Civil War the town was a Parliamentarian outpost in a staunchly Royalist region, and as a result Bolton was stormed by 3, 000 Royalist troops led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in 1644.

It is believed that Prince Rupert of the Rhine gathered his troops in Westhoughton before the attack and ensuing massacre at Bolton in 1644.

By initiating the Indian Massacre of 1622, and attacks in 1644, he attempted to force the English from Virginia.

The monument was started in 1640, and mostly completed by 1644.

Sophia of the Palatine, later Electress of HanoverPortrait by her sister Louise Hollandine, c. 1644

However, the Ming Dynasty would be overthrown by Li Zicheng's peasants rebellion, with Beijing captured in 1644 and the last Ming Emperor Chongzhen committing suicide.

* 1644 – The Qing Dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor capture Beijing during the collapse of the Ming Dynasty.

* 1644 – Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge, the last battle won by an English King on English soil.

The castle was taken by Parliamentarian troops in 1644 during the Civil War, and largely destroyed in 1648 not as the result of warfare, but because of an order from Parliament to dismantle all Royalist castles.

The Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ) text of the Wubei Zhi ( Treatise on Armament Technology ), written by Mao Yuanyi in 1628, outlined the use of land mines that were triggered by the heat of a slow-burning incandescent material in an underground bowl placed directly above the train of fuses leading to the mines buried 3 ft beneath.

Maria Eleonora's brother George William was flattered by the offer of the British Crown Prince and proposed their younger sister Catherine ( 1602 – 1644 ) as a more suitable wife for the Swedish king.

Smoking of opium came on the heels of tobacco smoking and may have been encouraged by a brief ban on the smoking of tobacco by the Ming emperor, ending in 1644 with the Qing dynasty, which had encouraged smokers to mix in increasing amounts of opium.

At the request of the Venetian Republic, Ottoboni was made Cardinal-Priest of San Salvatore in Lauro by Pope Innocent X ( 1644 – 55 ) in 1652, and was later given the bishopric of Brescia, in Venetian territory, where he quietly spent the best years of middle life.

Urban's death ( 29 July 1644 ) is said to have been hastened by chagrin at the result of the Wars of Castro.

After capturing Beijing in 1644 and as the Manchu rapidly gained control of large tracts of former Ming territory, the relatively small Banner armies were further augmented by the Green Standard Army, which eventually outnumbered Banner troops three to one.

In 1644, Providence, Portsmouth, and Newport united for their common independence as the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, governed by an elected council and " president ".

It was followed, in 1644, by Principia Philosophiæ ( Principles of Philosophy ), a kind of synthesis of the Meditations and the Discourse.

Historical accounts of wolves in the southeast by early explorers such as William Hilton, who sailed along the Cape Fear River in what is now North Carolina in 1644, also note that they ate deer.