* 1644 – Louise de La Vallière, French mistress of Louis XIV of France ( d. 1710 )

* 1579 – Luis Vélez de Guevara, Spanish writer ( d. 1644 )

* 1644 – Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Bohemian composer ( d. 1704 )

* Alfonso III d ' Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio ( 1628 – 1644 )

* 1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.

* 1644 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier ( d. 1730 )

François de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi, Marshal of France, ( 1644 – 1730 ) by Alexandre-François Caminade.

* Nicolas-Hugues Ménard ( 158 – 1644 )

The Pian Breviary was again altered by Sixtus V in 1588, who introduced the revised Vulgate, in 1602 by Clement VIII ( through Baronius and Bellarmine ), especially as concerns the rubrics ; and by Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ), a purist who altered the text of certain hymns.

The Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1911 ) was the last imperial dynasty in China.

7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644, Part 1.

7, part 1: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644 ( 1988 ).

8: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644, Part 1.

8: The Ming Dynasty, 1368 – 1644, Part 2.

* 1709 – Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher ( b. 1644 )

* 1644 – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish chemist ( b. 1577 )

* Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet ( 1610 – 1644 )

* 1644 – Abel Tasman's second Pacific voyage began.

* 1611 – Chongzhen Emperor, Emperor of China ( d. 1644 )

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 6 October 1637 – 20 April 1720 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, ( executed in 1644 ); by his wife, Mary Forbes.

Inoculation was reportedly not widely practised in China until the reign of the Longqing Emperor ( r. 1567 – 1572 ) during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ), as written by Yu Tianchi in his Shadou jijie ( 痧痘集解 ) of 1727, which he alleges was based on Wang Zhangren's Douzhen jinjing lu ( 痘疹金鏡錄 ) of 1579.

Robert Temple quotes an account from Zhang Yan's Zhongdou xinshu ( 種痘新書 ), or New book on smallpox inoculation, written in 1741 during the Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1912 ), which shows how the Chinese process had become refined up until that point:

* June 7 – Louise de La Vallière, mistress of King Louis XIV of France ( b. 1644 )

* Louise de la Vallière ( 1644 – 1710 ): mistress to King Louis XIV of France

The Jesuit Nicolas Caussin, former spiritual director to Louis XIII, was charged by his order with writing a defense against Arnauld's book, titled Réponse au libelle intitulé La Théologie morale des Jésuites ( 1644 ).

In 1644 he became chaplain to Prince Charles Louis, nephew of King Charles I, who was in England ; from 1648 Charles Louis was able to take up his position as Elector of the Palatinate on the Rhine, as a consequence of the Peace of Westphalia.

The Jesuit Nicolas Caussin, former penitentiary to Louis XIII, was charged by his order of writing a defense against Arnauld's book, titled Réponse au libelle intitulé La Théologie morale des Jésuites ( 1644 ).

Louise de La Vallière ( Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc ; 6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710 ) was a mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667.

Louis François de Boufflers, Duke of Boufflers, Count of Cagny ( January 10, 1644 in Crillon, Oise – August 22, 1711 in Fontainebleau ) was a Marshal of France.

In 1644, Charles Louis returned to England at the invitation of Parliament.

* Henrietta of England ( 1644 – 1670 ), the first wife of King Louis XIV's younger brother, Philippe, Duke of Orléans, ( Monsieur ).

In 1641 Cardinal Richelieu sent him to Arras to make drawings for prints of the siege and taking of that town by the royal army, and in 1644 Cardinal Mazarin commissioned four sets of educational playing cards for the young Louis XIV.

The large church of which the chapel forms part was erected in 1644 as an expansion of a smaller church built by Louis I, King of Hungary, after a victory over the Turks in 1363.

* July 18 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier ( b. 1644 )

Other works published against Arnauld's Moral Theology of the Jesuits included the one written by the Great Jesuit polemist François Pinthereau ( 1605 – 1664 ), under the pseudonym of " the abbé de Boisic ", titled Les Impostures et les ignorances du libelle intitulé: La Théologie Morale des Jésuites ( 1644 ).

Other libels published against Arnauld's Moral Theology of Jesuits included the one written by the Jesuit polemist François Pinthereau ( 1605 – 1664 ), under the pseudonym of the abbé de Boisic, titled Les Impostures et les ignorances du libelle intitulé: La Théologie Morale des Jésuites ( 1644 ), who was also the author of a critical history of Jansenism titled La Naissance du Jansénisme découverte à Monsieur le Chancelier ( The Birth of Jansenism Revealed to Sir the Chancellor, Leuven, 1654 ).

François de Neufville, 2ème duc de Villeroy ( 7 April 1644 – 18 July 1730 ) was a French soldier.

* François de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi ( 1644 – 1730 ), Marshal of France in 1693

François Timoléon, abbé de Choisy ( 2 October 1644 – 2 October 1724 ) was a French author.

Timoléon d ' Espinay ( 1580 – 1644 ), French soldier, was the eldest of the four sons of François d ' Espinay, seigneur de Saint Luc ( 1554 – 1597 ), and was himself marquis de Saint Luc.