* 1665 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer ( d. 1729 )

* 1665 – Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer ( d. 1721 )

* Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau 1544 – 1553 and 1603 – 1665

Thābit's formula was rediscovered by Fermat ( 1601 – 1665 ) and Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), to whom it is sometimes ascribed, and extended by Euler ( 1707 – 1783 ).

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

Nicolas Poussin ( 1594 – 1665 ), French.

* 1665 – Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet, French socialite ( b. 1588 )

* 1726 – Samuel Penhallow, English-born American colonist and historian ( b. 1665 )

* 1729 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer ( b. 1665 )

* 1665 – The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter

* 1665 – Tarquinio Merula, Italian composer

* Sir John Gordon, 2nd Baronet ( c. 1632 – 1665 )

* 1622 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher ( d. 1665 )

* 1665 – Anne of Great Britain, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland ( d. 1714 )

The Great Plague ( 1665 – 1666 ) was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in the Kingdom of England ( part of modern day United Kingdom ).

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

Philip III was succeeded in 1621 by his son Philip IV of Spain ( reigned 1621 – 1665 ).

In the reign of Philip's developmentally disabled son and successor Charles II ( 1665 – 1700 ), Spain was essentially left leaderless and was gradually being reduced to a second-rank power.

In 15 – 16th-century French and English depictions of relationships between women ( Lives of Gallant Ladies by Brantôme in 1665, John Cleland's 1749 erotica Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, L ' Espion Anglais by various authors in 1778 ), writers ' attitudes spanned from amused tolerance to arousal, whereupon a male character would participate to complete the act.

* 1665 – John Earle, English bishop

A short letter from Samuel Pepys to John Evelyn at the latter's home in Deptford, written by Pepys on 16 October 1665 and referring to ' prisoners ' and ' sick men ' during the Second Dutch War

** Louise de La Fayette, daughter of John, comte de La Fayette ( d. 1665 )

** John Endecott, English politician ( d. 1665 )

* January 20 – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician ( b. 1665 )

In 1665, the Dutch settlers on Tortola were attacked by a British privateer, John Wentworth, who is recorded as capturing 67 slaves, who were removed to Bermuda.

Denmark started colonies on St. Thomas in 1665 and St. John in 1683 ( though control of the latter was disputed with Great Britain until 1718 ), and purchased St. Croix from France in 1733.

Next to the palace is the late Gothic Saint John cathedral ( 1665 ) with picturesque frescos.

There is also a record of an Elizabeth Aguirre of Petersfield, Hampshire ( died 1665 ), who was the second wife of Josias White ( 1573 – 1622 ) of Hornchurch, Essex, brother of John White the ' Patriarch of Dorchester ', and son of a John White of Stanton St John, Oxfordshire ( 1540 – before September 30, 1618 ), who afterwards married a Francis Drake ( 1573 – 1634 ) of Walton-on-Thames, Surrey – a first cousin once removed of Sir Francis Drake ( 1540 – 1596 ) the famous explorer.

Thomas Lockey ( 1660 – 1665 ) was regarded as not fit for the post, John Hudson ( 1701 – 1719 ) has been described as " negligent if not incapable ", and John Price ( 1768 – 1813 ) was accused by a contemporary scholar of " a regular and constant neglect of his duty ".

It was named for John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, who as heir to one of the eight original Lords Proprietors of the Province of Carolina, claimed one eighth of the land granted in the charter of 1665.

John, who brought his wife, Elizabeth Allen of Salem, Massachusetts, and three children: Elizabeth, Mary, Samuel, and James ( the only one born in Stow in 1665 ), proceeded to trade with the natives and farm the land, though very little is known for fact.

* John Ball ( minister ) ( 1665 – 1745 ), English Presbyterian minister

John Earle ( c. 1601 – 17 November 1665 ) was an English bishop.

Something of its 17th-century origins can be seen today in an inscription at the entrance gate to Bunhill Fields: This church-yard was inclosed with a brick wall at the sole charges of the City of London, in the mayoralty of Sir John Lawrence, Knt., Anno Domini 1665 ; and afterwards the gates thereof were built and finished in the mayoralty of Sir Thomas Bloudworth, Knt., Anno Domini, 1666.

John and Mary Evelyn had eight children: Richard ( 1652 – 1658 ), John Standsfield ( 1653 – 1654 ), John ( the younger ) ( 1655 – 1699 ), George ( 1657 – 1658 ), Richard ii ( 1664 ), Mary ( 1665 – 1685 ), Elizabeth ( 1667 – 1685 ) and Susanna ( 1669 – 1754 ).

John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale, Jacob Huysmans, circa 1665

* John Hervey, 1st Baron Hervey ( 1665 – 1751 ), created Earl of Bristol in 1714

* John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol ( 1665 – 1751 )

John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol ( 27 August 1665 – 20 January 1751 ) was an English politician.

* June 28 – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general ( b. 1665 )

* October 10 – William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper, Lord Chancellor of England ( b. c. 1665 )

* Sir Joseph van Colster, 1st Baronet, of Amsterdam, in the Netherlands ( 1645 ), extinct 1665

Although the archetypical image of Britannia seated on a shield first appeared on Roman bronze coins of the 1st century AD struck under Hadrian, Britannia's first appearance on British coinage was on the farthing in 1672, though earlier pattern versions had appeared in 1665, followed by the halfpenny later the same year.

The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1665 when William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was made Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

For example, in August 1665, the king paid a surprise visit to Ashley at Wimborne St Giles, and, during a later visit, introduced Ashley to his illegitimate son James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.

During the parliamentary session of October 1665, Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet proposed that the use of funds voted to the crown should be restricted to the sole purpose of carrying on the war.

* Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin ( c. 1640 – 1712 ), leading British politician, MP for Helston in Cornwall 1665 – Feb 1679, Sept 1679 – 1685

* George Fitzroy, 1st Earl of Northumberland ( 1665 – 1716 ) ( became Duke of Northumberland in 1683 ; extinct )

* James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Airlie ( 1586 – 1665 )

* George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland ( 1665 – 1716 )

* Sir John Perceval, 1st Baronet ( 1629 – 1665 )

* Donough MacCarty, 1st Earl of Clancarty ( 1594 – 1665 )

* John Clotworthy, 1st Viscount Massereene ( d. 1665 )

* Thomas Southwell, 1st Baron Southwell ( 1665 – 1720 )

This Vale Royal branch of the Cholmondeley family descends from Thomas Cholmondeley ( died 1653 ), younger brother of Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster and Hugh Cholmondeley ( 1591 – 1665 ), ancestor of the Marquesses of Cholmondeley.

Lieutenant-General George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC ( 28 December 1665 – 28 June 1716 ) was the third and youngest illegitimate son of King Charles II and his mother Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine ( also known as Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland ).

* Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester ( 1665 – 1726 ) was created Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull in 1715

* Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull ( 1665 – 1726 ), third and youngest son of Robert Pierrepont