* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

Strategic points, he says, not the defeat of the enemy's army, decide the fate of one's own country, and must constantly remain the general's main concern, a maxim which was never more remarkably disproved than in the war of 1809.

Only the main tower was left standing by 1809, when it collapsed in a storm.

In 1809 town magistrates resolved to improve the main street at a moderate expense by lifting the pavement and making a gravel road around each side of the street, the outer edge of which was to be 44 feet from the edge of the houses.

Assuming that the bulk of the Austrian army was deployed so as to cover their bridgehead at Landshut and the main highway to Vienna, on 20 April 1809, Napoleon launched most of his army in an attack to the Southwest.

Austrian military preparations were accelerated in 1808 and early 1809, with operations set to occur on several war theatres, including the main one in Bavaria and sideshows in Italy, Dalmatia, Westphalia, Tyrol and Poland.

However, by early April 1809, it became obvious that Prussia was not ready to commit, and the Austrians were forced to move their main army southwards, in a bid to launch their westward offensive along the Danube.

On 9 April 1809, without any declaration of war, the main Austrian army crossed the Inn river into Bavaria, one of France's main allies, while secondary Austrian armies launched offensives of their own.

He helped overthrow Gustavus IV Adolphus in 1809 and was one of the main drafters of the constitution of Sweden in 1809.

The 1st / 95th was force marched in an attempt to arrive with the main force for the Battle of Talavera but despite covering a notable distance they arrived on the 29 July 1809, after the battle.

On the day prior of the Battle of Talavera ( July 1809 ), an advance French force surprised Donkin's brigade ( positioned ahead of the main British army ) before they could post pickets: the British lost over 400 casualties.

The Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal was opened in 1809 and during the 19th and early 20th century provided the main means of transporting the coal from the collieries.

On the first page there is a hand-written notice by Pouqueville: “ Ce lexique est écrit de la main de Marc Botzari à Corfou 1809 devant moi .” This manuscript, which includes also a kind of Greek-Albanian self-teaching method with dialogues written by Ioannes Vilaras and a French-Albanian glossary by Pouqueville, was donated by the latter to the Library in 1819.

However, following the new Instrument of Government from 1809, a change was made more in line with the British system so that, for later nobility, only the head of the family would be part of hold the title ( if there is one ).

The work began in the autumn of 1809 and the first line was finished one year later.

Bransfield was rated as an able seaman in 1805 and was appointed to the 1st rate ship of the line ( 110 guns ) Royal Sovereign ( which had taken part in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805 ) in 1806 as an able seaman, then 2nd master's mate in 1808, midshipman in 1808, clerk in 1809 and midshipman again in 1811.

They were gradually absorbed into the line infantry becoming a hybrid type that proved successful against the French, to the extent that Napoleon recruited several units of Austrian army Grenzer to his own army after victory over Austria in 1809 compelled the Austrians to cede territories from which they were traditionally recruited from.

Austrian line infantry platoon in 1809 uniforms including crested helmets

In 1809, surveyors for the British government placed the boundary line in the north channel, which placed all of the delta and islands under British control.

* was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line launched in 1809 and broken up in 1821.

The Leicestershire and Northamptonshire Union Canal, which runs south of the township, was built 1793 — 1809, and a house stood by the Countesthorpe Road near the bridges over the river and canal.

From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland Since 1809 ( Hurst & Co. 1999 ).

* Matthew, H. C. G. Gladstone, 1809 – 1874 ( 1988 ); Gladstone, 1875 – 1898 ( 1995 ) excerpt & text search vol 1

Biblica ( formerly known as the International Bible Society ) was founded in 1809 and is the worldwide publisher and copyright holder of the NIV, licensing commercial rights to Zondervan in the United States and to Hodder & Stoughton in the UK.

Charles XIII & II also Carl, ( Stockholm, 7 October 1748 – Stockholm, 5 February 1818 ), was King of Sweden ( as Charles XIII ) from 1809 and King of Norway ( as Charles II ) from 1814 until his death.

Joseph Fry & Co., the typefoundry, was continued by Joseph Fry's elder son, Edmund Fry ( 1754 – 1835 ) and renamed Edmund Fry & Co. Edmund Fry had two sons who survived to adulthood: Windover Fry ( 1797 – 1835 ) and Arthur Fry ( 1809 – 1878 ).

According to a travelogue by Joshua Galpin in 1809, these buildings included a “ large frame lodging house and several smaller ones for families – warm and cold baths and a billiard room .” In 1824, Bedford Springs was hailed as the “ Montpelier of America ” in a column in the July edition of the National Gazette & Library Register, which noted with praise the waters, accommodations, activities, food and wine.

* Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor John Sevier, 1803 – 1809

1, Matthew Gregory Lewis, 1809, ( M. & W. Ward, NY )

Source: O Jussila, S Hentilä and J Nevakivi, From Grand Duchy to Modern State: A Political History of Finland since 1809 ( Hurst & Co, London, 1999 ) p. 140

From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland Since 1809 ( Hurst & Co. 1999 ).

* G. T. Clark ( George Thomas Clark, 1809 – 1885 ), British engineer & antiquary

* J. Cutmore, Contributors to the Quarterly Review: A History 1809 – 1825 ( London: Pickering & Chatto, 2008 ).

A canal, the Croydon Canal, was constructed through the area in 1809 but the large number of locks ( 28 ) meant it was not a commercial success, and it was bought by the London & Croydon Railway Company who constructed their railway along the same route, opening it in 1839.

His writings include Essai politique sur le revenue des peuples de l ' antiquité, du moyen âge, & c. ( 1808 ), Des systèmes d ' économie politique ( 1809 ), Théorie d ' économie politique ( 1815 ), and Dictionnaire analytique d ' économie politique ( 1826 ).

Among Wyon's medals may be mentioned: 1809, Pearce medal ; 1810, Isis medal ( re-engraved in 1813 ); medal of Wellington ; 1812, Wooldridge medal ; medal for Royal Naval College, Portsmouth ; 1813, Manchester Pitt Club medal ; ‘ Upper Canada preserved ;’ 1814, medals presented to the North American Indians ; medal of the tsar of Russia struck during the visit of the Grand Duchess of Oldenburg to the English mint ; treaty of Paris ( published by Rundell & Co. from his ‘ Peace checking the Fury of War ,’ a design which had gained the gold medal of the Society of Arts ); centenary of accession of house of Brunswick ( for the corporation of Cork ), and Liverpool Pitt club medal ; 1815, Waterloo medal, with reverse, Victory, adapted from a Greek coin of Elis ( Mayo, Medals, plate 22 ); and 1817, opening of Waterloo Bridge.

William Chappell ( 20 November 1809 – 20 August 1888 ) was an English writer on music, a partner in the London musical firms of Chappell & Co. and later, Cramer & Co.

For Rees's Cyclopaedia he contributed the articles on Education, Vol 12, ( 1809 ); Language, Vol 20, ( 1812 ); and Mental & Moral Philosophy, Vol 23, ( 1812 / 13 ).

Samuel Allibone's brother was Thomas Allibone ( 1809 – 1876 ), senior member of the family's shipping concern, Thomas Allibone & Co. Thomas Allibone was president of the large Bank of Pennsylvania at the time of its collapse in September 1857.

* William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland ( 1738 — 1809 ), British politician and Prime Minister twice ( 1783 & 1807-9 ).

On his return he published A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government in the years 1809 & 1810, and a collection of drawings entitled Twenty-four Views Taken in St Helena, The Cape, India, Ceylon, Abyssinia and Egypt.

* Bowden, S. & Tarbox, C. Armies on the Danube 1809.