* 1851 – Guillaume Bigourdan, French astronomer ( d. 1932 )

* 1851 – Edward Walter Maunder, English astronomer ( d. 1928 )

* 1851 – The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.

* 1851 – Felix Adler, German-American religious leader and social reformer ( d. 1933 )

* 1779 – Lorenz Oken, German historian ( d. 1851 )

* 1929 – Emile Berliner, German-American inverter and businessman, invented the phonograph ( b. 1851 )

* 1777 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist ( d. 1851 )

* 1851 – Yannoulis Chalepas, Greek sculptor ( d. 1938 )

* 1851 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and dentist ( d. 1887 )

* 1851 – Isaac Singer is granted a patent for his sewing machine.

* 1851 – Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand.

* 1797 – Mary Shelley, English author ( d. 1851 )

* John Cramp, 1851 – 1853 ( and 1856 – 1869 )

* 1809 – John Kirk Townsend, American naturalist ( d. 1851 )

* 1851 – Charles Barrois, French geologist ( d. 1939 )

* 1851 – Leopoldo Alas, Spanish novelist ( d. 1901 )

* Platine War ( 1851 – 1852 ): The Brazilian Empire and its allies went to war against the dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas of the Argentine Confederation.

* Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare ( 1851 – 1914 )

In 1998, Pensacola Christian College produced a widely distributed videotape, arguing that this " leaven of fundamentalism " was passed from the 19th-century Princeton theologian Benjamin B. Warfield ( 1851 – 1921 ) to Charles Brokenshire ( 1885 – 1954 ), who served BJU as Dean of the School of Religion, and then to current BJU faculty members and graduates.

#** Charles Joseph Bonaparte ( 1851 – 1921 ), U. S. Attorney General married Ellen Channing Day

* Reuben Cone ( 1788 – 1851 ), an important pioneer and landowner in Atlanta, Georgia

Internally, the Taiping Rebellion ( 1851 – 1864 ), a quasi-Christian religious movement led by the " Heavenly King " Hong Xiuquan, would raid roughly a third of Chinese territory for over a decade until they were finally crushed in the Third Battle of Nanking in 1864.

** Anne Darwin ( 1841 – 1851 ), daughter of Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 )

* September 29 – Léon Bourgeois, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize ( b. 1851 )

In 1851, physicist Léon Foucault demonstrated the rotation of the earth by his experiment conducted in the Panthéon, by constructing a 67 meter Foucault pendulum beneath the central dome.

Victor Hugo's Châtiments, Rochefort's Lanterne, the subscription for the monument to Baudin, the deputy killed at the barricades in 1851, followed by Léon Gambetta's speech against the Empire on the occasion of the trial of Delescluze, soon showed that the republican party was irreconcilable.

* Léon Bourgeois ( 1851 – 1925 ), French statesman

Sir Charles Santley ( born 1834 ), Gustav Walter ( born 1834 ), Adelina Patti ( born 1843 ), Marianne Brandt ( born 1842 ), Lilli Lehmann ( born 1848 ), Jean Lassalle ( born 1847 ), Victor Maurel ( born 1848 ), Marcella Sembrich ( born 1858 ), Lillian Nordica ( born 1857 ), Emma Calvé ( born 1858 ), Nellie Melba ( born 1861 ), Francesco Tamagno ( born 1850 ), Francesco Marconi ( born 1853 ), Léon Escalais ( born 1859 ), Mattia Battistini ( born 1856 ), Mario Ancona ( born 1860 ), Pol Plançon ( born 1851 ), and Antonio Magini-Coletti and Francesco Navarini ( both born 1855 ).

While it had long been known that the Earth rotated, the introduction of the Foucault pendulum in 1851 was the first simple proof of the rotation in an easy-to-see experiment.

The first public exhibition of a Foucault pendulum took place in February 1851 in the Meridian of the Paris Observatory.

Three apparent proofs of the heliocentric hypothesis were provided in 1727 by Bradley, in 1838 by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel and in 1851 by Foucault.

A Cholera pandemic devastated Europe between 1829 and 1851, and was first fought by the use of what Foucault called " social medicine ", which focused on flux, circulation of air, location of cemeteries, etc.

Some of the " type-writing " machines invented between Burt's 1829 patented machine and Sholes ' 1867 type-writer are " The Projean Machine " ( 1833 ), " The Thurber Machine " ( 1843 ), " The Foucault Machine " ( 1843 ), " O. T. Eddy's machine " ( 1850 ), " The Fairbanks machine " ( 1850 ), " J. M. Jones ' machine " ( 1850 ), " William Hughes ' machine " ( 1851 ), John M. Jones " mechanical Typographer " ( 1852 ), " Thomas ' typograph " ( 1854 ), " The Beach typewriter " ( 1856 ), " The Francis Typewriter " ( 1857 ), " The Hansen Machine " ( 1865 ), " The Livermore Printing Device " ( 1863 ), " Peeler Writing Machine " ( 1866 ), and " The Sholes and Hidden Typewriter " ( 1867 ) invented by three men ( C. Latham Sholes, Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden ).

Meanwhile the word " arabesque " was now being applied to Islamic art itself, by 1851 at the latest, when John Ruskin uses it in The Stones of Venice.

As long ago as 1851 it was pointed out by Niepce ( 1851 ) that there is a connection between the pituitary and the thyroid.

I of Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World from Marathon to Waterloo according to Edward Shepherd Creasy, 1851 ( see also ). this is the battle of marathon

* 1851 – The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal, Quebec.

* 1851 – The first freight train is operated in Roorkee, India.

It is a term first used in 1891 in this Latin form by Arnold Pick ( 1851 – 1924 ), a professor of psychiatry at the German branch of Charles University in Prague.

He is better known, however, for his work as a social researcher, publishing an extensive series of newspaper articles in the Morning Chronicle, later compiled into the book series London Labour and the London Poor ( 1851 ), a groundbreaking and influential survey of the poor of London.

A later painting, Keats, at Hampstead, when he first imagined his Ode to a Nightingale ( 1851 ), is also notable.

The history of the Empire in the longue durée is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth.

This experiment is a more precise variation of the famous Fizeau experiment ( 1851 ).

* 1851 – Slavery is abolished in Colombia, South America.

* 1820 – An 80-ton sperm whale attacks the Essex ( a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts ) 2, 000 miles from the western coast of South America ( Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick is in part inspired by this story ).

* 1851 – Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London.

Leicester Secular Society founded in 1851 is the world's oldest secular society.

* 1851 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Portrait of my sister, Artje, painted in 1851, is numbered opus I, while two months before his death he completed Preparations in the Coliseum, opus CCCCVIII.

The first recorded secular celebration of the Saints Cyril and Methodius Day as the " Day of the Bulgarian script ", as it is traditionally accepted by Bulgarian history, was held in the town of Plovdiv on 11 May 1851, when a local Bulgarian school was named " Saints Cyril and Methodius ", both acts on the initiative of the prominent Bulgarian educator Nayden Gerov, although an Armenian traveller mentioned his visit at the " celebration of the Bulgarian script " in the town of Shumen on 22 May 1803.

The New York Times ( NYT ) is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851.

; 1851: The Great Exhibition ( the first World's Fair ) is held at the Crystal Palace, with great success and international attention.

For example, his method of getting up in the morning incorporates a bed that tips over to wake up its owner, an invention that was exhibited at The Great Exhibition of 1851 by Theophilus Carter, and is similar to a device sold in Japan that is used to ensure the sleeper awakens on time by inflating a pillow under their normal pillow and rolling the person, thus waking them up.

In 1851 he started his famous exploration of the upper Zambezi River, and in 1855 he became the first European to see Mosi-oa-Tunya, the waterfalls on the Zambezi River, which he named after Queen Victoria, and the Zambian town near the falls is named after him.