In 1851, he represented Alton & Sangamon Railroad in a dispute with one of its shareholders, James A. Barret, who had refused to pay the balance on his pledge to buy shares in the railroad on the grounds that the company had changed its original train route.

The wooden bridge, dating from the Middle Ages, across the Aar was destroyed by floods three times in thirty years, and was replaced with a steel suspension bridge in 1851.

Industrialisation resulted in rapid population growth during the nineteenth century, as people moved from over north-west England to Accrington, with the population increasing from 3, 266 in 1811 to 10, 376 in 1851 to 43, 211 in 1901 to its peak in 1911 at 45, 029.

This confused arrangement ended with Granby's resignation in 1851 ; Disraeli effectively ignored the two men regardless.

The concept of the decisive battle became popular with the publication in 1851 of Edward Creasy's The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

López's fourth expedition landed in Pinar del Río province with around 400 men in August 1851 ; the invaders were defeated by Spanish troops and López was executed.

During his time there, Doppler, along with Franz Unger, played an influential role in the development of young Gregor Mendel, known as the founding father of genetics, who was a student at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853.

It continued under the stimulating influence of the discovery of gold in California and Australia in 1848 and 1851, and ended with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869.

Benton declared himself to be against slavery in 1849, and in 1851 Atchison allied with the Whigs to defeat Benton for re-election.

When they finished in 1851, they were sent on a short tour abroad, ending with a memorable visit to the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, London.

In 1851, Douglass merged the North Star with Gerrit Smith's Liberty Party Paper to form Frederick Douglass ' Paper, which was published until 1860.

In 1851 the new governor of Timor, Solor and Flores, Lima Lopes, faced with an impoverished administration, agreed to sell eastern Flores and the nearby islands to Dutch in return for a payment of 200, 000 Florins.

The articles comprising London Labour and the London Poor were initially collected into three volumes in 1851 ; the 1861 edition included a fourth volume, co-written with Bracebridge Hemyng, John Binny and Andrew Halliday, on the lives of prostitutes, thieves and beggars.

In 1851, Otto Funke published a series of articles in which he described growing hemoglobin crystals by successively diluting red blood cells with a solvent such as pure water, alcohol or ether, followed by slow evaporation of the solvent from the resulting protein solution.

It was not until 1854 that Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851 – 1853, promulgated the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus ( Latin for " Ineffable God "), which defined ex cathedra the dogma of the Immaculate Conception:

In 1851 John went to an academy at Pittsfield in Pike County, where he met an older student, John G. Nicolay, with whom he would later work as private secretary to Abraham Lincoln.

However, the most important experiment supporting Fresnel's theory, was Fizeau's 1851 experimental confirmation of Fresnel's 1818 prediction that a medium with refractive index n moving with a velocity v would increase the speed of light traveling through the medium in the same direction as v from c / n to:

* Michigan State Capitol " Middle Village / Town ", where downtown Lansing now stands, was the last of the three villages to develop in 1848 with the completion of the Michigan Avenue bridge across the Grand River and the completion of the temporary capitol building which sat where Cooley Law School stands today on Capitol Avenue in between Allegan and Washtenaw Streets, and finally the relocation of the post office to the village in 1851.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton's 1851 English translation of Septuagint Jeremiah

File: H. C. Ørsted ( C. A. Jensen ). jpg | Hans Christian Ørsted ( 1777 – 1851 ): discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields ( an important aspect of electromagnetism ), shaped advances in science in the late 19th century, namesake of the oersted ( Oe ) ( the cgs unit of magnetic H-field strength )

The first white dwarf discovered was in the triple star system of 40 Eridani, which contains the relatively bright main sequence star 40 Eridani A, orbited at a distance by the closer binary system of the white dwarf 40 Eridani B and the main sequence red dwarf 40 Eridani C. The pair 40 Eridani B / C was discovered by William Herschel on 31 January 1783 ;< sup >, p. 73 </ sup > it was again observed by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve in 1825 and by Otto Wilhelm von Struve in 1851.

Bessel roughly estimated the period of the companion of Sirius to be about half a century ; C. A. F. Peters computed an orbit for it in 1851.

I. Vosburgh ; 1845, George Sipperly ; 1846, S. Coons ; 1847, Calvin Sliter ; 1848 – 1850, A. H. Fox ; 1851, C. Sliter ; 1852 – 1853, A. Mott ; 1854 – 1855, N. Upham ; 1856 – 1857, O. Horton ; 1858 – 1860, P. H. Thomas ; 1861, W. Stevens ; 1862 – 1865, Joel B. Peck ; 1866 – 1867, B.

* Pictures of Sweden / Trollhætta-H. C. Andersen 1851

A commercial center in the locality of Pendleton began as early as 1851, when Dr. William C. McKay established a trading post at the mouth of McKay Creek.

The Mary Sharp College ( originally the Tennessee and Alabama Female Institute ) was founded in 1851 by Dr. Z. C. Graves and the Baptist Church.

Although settlement began in the 1840s, the name of Kaysville connects with the fact that in 1851 William Kay was made the bishop in the vicinity by Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball.

Gomersal had quite a number of places of worship given the size of population, including Gomersal St Mary C of E Church ( 1851 ), the Methodist Wesleyan Chapel, Latham Lane 1827 ( the famous Pork Pie Chapel ) the Grove Congregational Chapel in Oxford Road, the Methodist Free United chapel ( off Reform Street ), the Primitive Methodist Chapel in Moor Lane, and the Moravian Chapel in Little Gomersal.

By James Braid, M. R. C. S., Edinburgh, C. M. W. S., & c. & c .", Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, Vol. 76, No. 188, ( 1 July 1851 ), pp. 239 – 248.

The C & O Canal, begun in Georgetown in 1829, reached Cumberland, Maryland in 1851, and operated until 1924.

Daguerreotypist John Wesley Jones visited the garrison in 1851 and Samuel C. Mills, traveling with the Army bound for Utah, produced at least one image of Fort Bridger in 1858.

She married, first, at Quebec, November 8th, 1851, Alexander Hart, C E, who died.

The original village ( now city ) was platted by Thomas G. Rowe ( New York ) and John C. Laird ( Pennsylvania ) in 1851.

Contes d ' une vieille fille a ses neveux ( 1832 ), La Canne de Monsieur de Balzac ( 1836 ) and Il ne faut pas jouer avec la douleur ( 1853 ) are among the best-known of her romances ; and her dramatic pieces in prose and verse include L ' École des journalistes ( 1840 ), Judith ( 1843 ), Cléopâtre ( 1847 ), Lady Tartufe ( 1853 ), and the one-act comedies, C ' est la faute du mari ( 1851 ), La Joie fait peur ( 1854 ), Le Chapeau d ' un horloger ( 1854 ) and Une Femme qui deteste son mari, which did not appear till after the author's death.

* A. C. Bradley ( 1851 – 1935 ), English Shakespearean scholar

* Pholcinae C. L. Koch, 1851

He repeated his success in the Grand Challenge Cup, and in the Silver Goblets in 1851 partnering James Aitken in the latter to beat John Erskine Clarke and C L Vaughan in the final.

Milton C. Schofield built the first mill there on the Rocky Saugeen River in 1851.

* His letters 25 letters from d ' Orsay to Charles Stewart, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry ( dated 1851 ), concerning the publication of newspaper articles in France relating to Abd-el-Kadir and to French politics and literary life in general, are held in the County Durham record office at Ref No. D / Lo / C 74.

The pair 40 Eridani B / C was discovered on January 31, 1783, by William Herschel .< sup >, p. 73 </ sup > It was again observed by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve in 1825 and by Otto Wilhelm von Struve in 1851.