The family factory produced armaments for the Crimean War ( 1853 – 1856 ); but, had difficulty switching back to regular domestic production when the fighting ended and they filed for bankruptcy.

* 1856 – William Martin Conway, English art critic and mountaineer ( d. 1937 )

* 1776 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist ( d. 1856 )

* 1856 – George Coulthard, Australian footballer and cricketer ( d. 1883 )

* 1856 – Alfred Deakin, Australian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia ( d. 1919 )

* 1856 – Aparicio Saravia, Uruguayan politician and military leader ( d. 1904 )

* 1856 – Diamond Jim Brady, American financier ( d. 1917 )

* 1816 – Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, French chemist ( d. 1856 )

** Various articles on Alcidamas ( 1856 – 1919, with links to further online material )

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1856 – Carle David Tolmé Runge, German physicist ( d. 1927 )

* 1910 – Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter ( b. 1856 )

* 1925 – John Singer Sargent, American artist ( b. 1856 )

* John Cramp, 1851 – 1853 ( and 1856 – 1869 )

* Edmund Crawley, 1853 – 1856

* John Cramp, 1856 – 1869

* 1856 – William Willett, English builder and daylight saving time advocate ( d. 1915 )

* 1856 – Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaria burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.

* 1856 – The Theta Chi fraternity is founded at Norwich University.

He married firstly at the Dolmabahçe Palace in Constantinople in 1856 to Georgian HH Dürrünev Kadın Efendi ( Batumi, 15 March 1835 – Constantinople, Üsküdar, Çamlıca Palace, 3 December 1892 ), and had three children.

He married thirdly in 1872 to Circassian HH Gevherin Nedaxe Kadın Efendi ( Caucasus, 8 July 1856 – Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, 20 September 1894 ), and had one child.

* 1856 – Henri Philippe Pétain, French soldier and statesman ( d. 1951 )

Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, one of the world's most celebrated realists, wrote Faust ( 1856 ), Phantoms ( 1864 ), Song of the Triumphant Love ( 1881 ) and Clara Milich ( 1883 ).

* April 3 – Ivan Kireevsky, Russian literary critic and philosopher ( d. 1856 )

Sent as a recruit to do 25 years of military service, Ivan Denikin became an officer in the 22nd year of his army service, in 1856.

Franko, Ivan, b 27 August 1856 in Nahuievychi ( today Ivan Franko ), Drohobych county, Galicia, d 28 May 1916 in Lviv.

* Ivan Franko ( 1856 – 1916 ), poet and linguist, reformer of the Ukrainian language

* July 17 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian painter ( b. 1856 )

* November 17 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian painter ( b. 1856

This was partly driven by publication in both Russian and Ukrainian, including journals ( such as Kostomarov's Osnova, 1861 – 62, and Hlibov's Chernyhosvs ’ kyy Lystok, 1861 – 63 ), historical and folkloristic monographs ( Kostomarov's biography of Cossack hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Kulish's two-volume Zapiski o Yuzhnoy Rusi, ‘ Notes on Southern Rus ’’, 1856 – 57 ), and elementary primers ( Kulish's Hramatka, 1857, 1861, Shevchenko's Bukvar Yuzhnoruskiy, 1861 ).

" Bolhrad formed part of Moldavia from 1856 to 1859, Romania from 1859 to 1878, 1918 to 1940, and from 1941 to 1944 before being included in the territory of the Ukrainian SSR and later independent Ukraine.

* 1856 – H. Rider Haggard, English writer ( d. 1925 )

* 1856 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1950 )

* 1778 – Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British Christian writer ( d. 1856 )

* May 14 – H. Rider Haggard, English writer ( b. 1856 )

* January 9 – Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English writer ( d. 1856 )

* November 25 – Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British Christian writer ( d. 1856 )

Price came to Bloomington in 1849, he worked as a clerk and newspaper writer and was elected mayor of Bloomington in 1855 and again in 1856, serving until 1858.

In addition to those mentioned in the text above, notable people born in Farnham include William Willett, campaigner for daylight saving time ( 1856 ); George Sturt, writer and social historian ( 1863 ); and Maud Gonne, feminist and activist in Irish politics ( 1866 ).

* Solomon Ettinger ( 1802 – 1856 )-was a 19th century Yiddish-and Hebrew-language playwright, poet and writer of songs and fables.

* November 14-Booker T. Washington, writer and educator ( born 1856 )

" In the 8th edition ( 1856 ), this is still its " most extended sense "; " in a more limited sense " it is defined in the same words as those quoted above from the 5th edition ; but the writer adds, " By courtesy this title is generally accorded to all persons above the rank of common tradesmen when their manners are indicative of a certain amount of refinement and intelligence.

* April 19-E. W. Hobson, pioneering writer on mathematics ( born 1856 )

So went the tale of the “ Old Man in the Mountain ”, assembled by Marco Polo and accepted by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall ( 1774 – 1856 ), a prominent orientalist writer responsible for much of the spread of this legend.

* Charles Whistler ( 1856 – 1913 ), British writer

* Heinrich Heine ( 1797 – 1856 ), writer and poet

In 1856, Jacobs ' daughter Louisa became a governess in the home of James and Sara Payson Willis Parton ( also known as the writer, Fanny Fern and Nathaniel Parker Willis ' sister ).

In 1856 writer Mary Ann Evans ( pen-name George Eliot ) accompanied George Henry Lewes to Ilfracombe to gather materials for his work Seaside Studies published in 1858.

In the Lectures on Literature ( 1982 ), in speaking of the novel Madame Bovary ( 1856 ), about the bourgeois wife of a country doctor, the writer Vladimir Nabokov ( 1899 – 1977 ) said that philistinism is manifest in the prudish attitude demonstrated by the man or the woman who accuses a work of art of being obscene.

Wilde's contemporary George Bernard Shaw ( 1856 – 1950 ) was a very different kind of writer.

* Timothy Thomas Fortune ( 1856 – 1928 ), American orator, civil rights leader, journalist, writer, editor and publisher

Elbert Green Hubbard ( June 19, 1856 – May 7, 1915 ) was an American writer, publisher, artist, and philosopher.

Captain Harry Willes Darell de Windt ( 9 April 1856, Paris-30 November 1933, Bournemouth ) was the aide-de-camp to his brother-in-law Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak ( Harry's sister Margaret was Brooke's wife ), and is best known as an explorer and travel writer.

* Isaac Weld ( 1774 – 1856 ), was an Irish topographical writer, explorer, and artist, he was part of the famous Weld family, the Irish descendents of the family were also residents for a period of time of the mansion at Mount Jerome.

* Ángel Rivero Méndez ( 1856 – 1930 ), Puerto Rican soldier, writer, journalist and businessman