The term " Occam's razor " first appeared in 1852 in the works of Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet ( 1788 – 1856 ), centuries after Ockham's death.

She also modelled for a number of her husband's works, notably Peace Concluded ( 1856 ), which idealises her as an icon of beauty and fertility.

Among his other works are: Tableau de la littérature au Moyen Âge ( 2 vols., 1846 ); Tableau de la littérature au XVIII siècle ( 4 vols., 1864 ); Souvenirs contemporains ( 2 vols., 1856 ); Histoire de Grégoire VII ( 2 vols., 1873 ; Engl.

In Leipzig in 1856, the musicologist Friedrich Chrysander and the literary historian Georg Gottfried Gervinus founded the Deutsche Händel-Gesellschaft with the aim of publishing authentic editions of all Handel's works.

De Quincey edited and revised his works for the Hogg edition ; the 1856 second edition of the Confessions was prepared for inclusion in Selections Grave and Gay ....

At that time neither Burne-Jones nor Morris knew Rossetti personally, but both were much influenced by his works, and met him by recruiting him as a contributor to their Oxford and Cambridge Magazine which Morris founded in 1856 to promote their ideas.

D ' Agoult's other works include Lettres Républicaines in Esquisses morales et politiques ( 1849, collected articles ), Trois journées de la vie de Marie Stuart ( 1856 ), Florence et Turin ( 1862 ), Histoire des commencements de la république aux Pays-Bas ( 1872 ), " A Catholic Mother Speaks to Her Children " ( 1906, posthumously ) and Mes souvenirs ( 1877, posthumously ).

Except for his essay on " The Protestant Church in France ", published in 1856 in Cambridge Essays, his remaining works all concerned archaeology.

In 1855 he became minister of agriculture, commerce and public works, and in 1856 senator.

St. Rollox works, north east of Glasgow, had been built in 1856 by the Caledonian Railway, while Stoke works in Staffordshire were established in 1864 by the North Staffordshire Railway.

Meyerbeer wrote a number of works for court occasions, and also provided music, at the King's request, for the first staging on Berlin in 1856 of his brother Michael's play Struensee ( based on the life of Johann Friedrich Struensee ), which had also been proscribed under the pervious regime.

His principal works on this subject were: Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen ( 1855 ); Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien ( 1856 ); Über die vierjährigen Sonnenkreise der Alten ( 1863 ), and several papers which he published in the Transactions of the Berlin Academy.

Among Mrs Cowden Clarke's other works may be mentioned The Girlhood of Shakespeare's Heroines ( 3 vols., 1850-1852 ), and a translation of Berlioz's Treatise upon Modern Instrumentation and Orchestration ( 1856 ).

Lucia Elizabeth Vestris ( January 1797 – 8 August 1856 ) was an English actress and a contralto opera singer, appearing in Mozart and Rossini works.

In 1856, Grote began to prepare his works on Plato and Aristotle.

The town is home to the Shaw Festival, a series of theatrical productions featuring the works of George Bernard Shaw, his contemporaries, or plays about his era ( 1856 – 1950 ), running from April to November.

His other works include Atlas historique de la France accompagné d ' un volume de texte ( 1849 ); Histoire de France de 1453 à 1815 ( 1856 ), of which an expanded and illustrated edition appeared as Histoire de France depuis l ' invasion des Barbares dans la Gaule romaine jusqu ' à nos jours ( 1892 ); Histoire populaire de la France ( 1862 – 1863 ); Histoire populaire contemporaine de la France ( 1864 – 1866 ); Causeries de voyage: de Paris à Vienne ( 1864 ); and Introduction générale à l ' histoire de France ( 1865 ).

Prior to Massenet's work, Halévy ( Manon Lescaut, ballet, 1830 ) and Auber ( Manon Lescaut, opéra comique, 1856 ) had used the subject for musical stage works.

It was in this environment that Reubke composed his two major works, the Piano Sonata in B-flat minor, which he composed from December 1856 to March 1857, and the Sonata on the 94th Psalm in C minor, for organ, which he finished a month later ; he also considered writing an opera.

Besides the above-mentioned works, he wrote: Essais de zoologie generale ( 1841 ); Vie Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 1847 ); Acclimatation et domestication des animaux utiles ( 1849 ); Lettres sur les substances alimentaires et particulièrement sur la viande de cheval ( 1856 ); and Histoire naturelle générale des règnes organiques ( 3 vols., 1854-1862 ), which was not quite completed.

In addition to many shorter articles and reports, Wilkes published the major scientific works Western America, including California and Oregon in 1849, and Theory of the Winds in 1856.

* Luther Cushing ( 1803 – 1856 ), author of one of the earliest works on parliamentary procedure

In 1856 Schoolcraft published The Myth of Hiawatha and Other Oral Legends Mythologic and Allegoric of the North American Indians, reprinting ( with a few changes ) stories previously published in his Algic Researches and other works.

A number of alumni have made meaningful contributions to arts and letters: Joel T. Headley ( 1839 ), author of numerous books about the Adirondack Mountains and early American history ; William James Stillman ( 1848 ), photographer and author ; Fitz Hugh Ludlow ( 1856 ), author of The Hashish Eater ; Andrea Barrett ( 1974 ), winner of the National Book Award ( for Ship Fever ) and the Pulitzer Prize for works of fiction ; and David Markson ( 1950 ), author of titles such as The Ballad of Dingus Magee.

** Various articles on Alcidamas ( 1856 – 1919, with links to further online material )

In 1856, news of an ascetic carrying on discourses with local Súfí leaders that seemed to possibly be Bahá ' u ' lláh reached the family and friends.

Printed on the Bancroft library's 1856 Albion handpress.

" Two Women Chatting By The Sea ," St. Thomas, ( 1856 ) Camille Pissarro was born on July 10, 1830 on the island of St. Thomas to Frederick and Rachel Pissarro.

In 1889, a Russian by the name of Nikolay Ivanovitch Achinov ( b. 1856 ), arrived with settlers, infantry and an Orthodox priest to Sagallo on the Gulf of Tadjoura.

Steamboat companies saw nationwide railroads as a threat to their business and on May 6, 1856, just weeks after the bridge was completed, a steamboat captain deliberately crashed the Effie Afton into the bridge.

The highest-ranking official whose term unquestionably continued during the interim was Polk's Secretary of State, James Buchanan ( later elected President himself in 1856 ), whose term did not formally expire until his successor, John M. Clayton, took office on March 7.

Mass public support for the captured ' rebels ' in the colony's capital of Melbourne when they were placed on trial resulted in the introduction of the Electoral Act 1856, which mandated full white male suffrage for elections for the lower house in the Victorian parliament, the first instituted political democracy in Australia.

However, it remains ambiguous whether the discovery predates arrival of Europeans because of the presence of a Patagonian Missionary Society mission station on Keppel Island, founded in 1856.

Finally, on 1 January 1856 the trading monopoly was abolished.

Before going to Germany, Evans continued her interest in theological work with a translation of Feuerbach's Essence of Christianity, and while abroad she wrote essays and worked on her translation of Baruch Spinoza's Ethics, which she completed in 1856, but which was not published in her lifetime.

In 1856, Isabella attempted to form the Union Liberal Party, a pan-national coalition under the leadership of Leopoldo O ' Donnell, who had already marched on Madrid that year and deposed another Espartero ministry.

In 1856 France joined the Second Opium War on the British side against China ; a missionary's murder was used as a pretext to take interests in southwest Asia in the Treaty of Tientsin.

Anger among some social groups, however, was seething under the governor-generalship of James Dalhousie ( 1847 – 1856 ), who annexed the Punjab ( 1849 ) after victory in the Second Sikh War, annexed seven princely states on the basis of lapse, annexed the key state of Oudh on the basis of misgovernment, and upset cultural sensibilities by banning Hindu practices such as Sati.

J. Edgar Hoover was born on New Year's Day 1895 in Washington, D. C., to Anna Marie ( née Scheitlin ; 1860 – 1938 ), who was of German Swiss descent, and Dick Naylor Hoover, Sr. ( 1856 – 1921 ), of English and German ancestry.

In the U. S., public library users have borrowed on average roughly 15 books per user per year from 1856 to 1978.

The game eventually got under way on 26 March 1856.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* 1856 – The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River.

Rather than undergo surgery ( a risky procedure in 1856 ), the Gosses decided to submit to the ointments of an American doctor, Jesse Weldon Fell, who if not a charlatan, was certainly on the fringe of contemporary medical practice.