* John Austin ( legal philosopher ) ( 1790 – 1859 ), English jurist

In 1859, Nobel's father left his factory in the care of the second son, Ludvig Nobel ( 1831 – 1888 ), who greatly improved the business.

* 1779 – Carl Ritter, German geographer ( d. 1859 )

* 1785 – Thomas De Quincey, English author ( d. 1859 )

* 1859 – Charles Comiskey, American baseball player and manager ( d. 1931 )

* 1859 – The Tuscan National Assembly formally deposes the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

* 1859 – Katharine Lee Bates, American poet ( d. 1929 )

* Alexander John Cuza, prince of Romania ( 1859 – 1866 )

* 1859 – A geomagnetic storm causes the Aurora Borealis to shine so brightly that it is seen clearly over parts of USA, Europe, and even as far away as Japan.

* 1859 – Matilda Howell, American archer ( d. 1938 )

* 1859 – Vittorio Sella, Italian photographer ( d. 1943 )

* 1917 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish creator of Esperanto ( b. 1859 )

* 1859 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1952 )

* 1859 – British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.

* 1944 – William Stephens, American politician ( b. 1859 )

* 1803 – James Curtiss, American politician, Mayor of Chicago ( d. 1859 )

* 1859 – Walter Camp, American football player, coach, and writer ( d. 1925 )

* 1943 – Alexandre Millerand, French politician, President of France ( b. 1859 )

Alfred Edward Housman (; 26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936 ), usually known as A. E. Housman, was an English classical scholar and poet, best known to the general public for his cycle of poems A Shropshire Lad.

* Page, Norman, ‘ Housman, Alfred Edward ( 1859 – 1936 )’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004 )

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

The Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister 1855 – 58, 1859 – 65

Petroleum became a major industry following the oil discovery at Oil Creek Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Un Catalogue raisonné de manuscrits ethiopiens ( Paris, 1859 ) is a description of 234 Ethiopian manuscripts collected by Antoine.

The formal foundation of the Liberal Party is traditionally traced to 1859 and the formation of Palmerston's second government.

The edition of 1849 may be regarded as historically the most important, from the mass of new critical material it used ; that of 1859 is distinguished from Tischendorf's other editions by coming nearer to the received text ; in the eighth edition, the testimony of the Sinaitic manuscript received great ( probably too great ) weight.

Of the initial twenty-three Hilbert problems, most of which have been solved, only the Riemann hypothesis ( formulated in 1859 ) is included in the seven Millennium Prize Problems.

* 1859 – Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his October 16th raid on Harper's Ferry.

* 1859: Lazar Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, is born in Białystok, Russia ( now Poland ).

* 1859 – Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U. S. state.

* 1859 – Daniel E. Sickles, a New York Congressman, is acquitted of murder on grounds of temporary insanity.

* 1859 – The Codex Sinaiticus is discovered in Egypt.

One of his most famous images is The Last of England which was sold in March 1859 for 325 Guineas ( 2010: £).

Formed in 1859, Geelong is the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world.

She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede ( 1859 ), The Mill on the Floss ( 1860 ), Silas Marner ( 1861 ), Middlemarch ( 1871 – 72 ), and Daniel Deronda ( 1876 ), most of them set in provincial England and known for their realism and psychological insight.

Marx's clearest formulation of his " Materialist Conception of History " was in the 1859 Preface to his book " A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy ," whose relevant passage is reproduced here:

A fundamental rhythmic figure heard in Gottschalk's compositions such as " Souvenirs From Havana " ( 1859 ), many different slave musics of the Caribbean, as well as the bamboula, and other Afro-Caribbean folk dances performed in New Orleans Congo Square, is the three-stroke pattern known in Cuban music as tresillo.

* 1859 – Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales ( Queensland Day ).

* 1859 – Political and state union of Moldavia and Wallachia ; Alexandru Ioan Cuza is elected as Domnitor in bouth Principalities.

The first documented case is that of Marie-Angélique Duchemin ( 1772 – 1859 ), who fought in the Revolutionary Wars, received a military disability pension in 1798, the rank of 2nd lieutenant in 1822, and the Legion of Honor in 1852.

By 1859, seven villages existed where modern Kemerovo is now: Shcheglovka ( or Ust-Iskitimskoye ), Kemerovo ( named in 1734 ), Yevseyevo, Krasny Yar, Kur-Iskitim ( Pleshki ), Davydovo ( Ishanovo ), and Borovaya.

" La Espero " (" The Hope ") is a poem written by L. L. Zamenhof ( 1859 – 1917 ), the initiator of the Esperanto language.

* 1859 – The current Cape Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse is lit for the first time.

* 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, the anniversary of which is sometimes called " Evolution Day "

* 1859 – The Royal Charter is wrecked on the coast of Anglesey, north Wales with 459 dead.

His work is notable for the use of the zeta function ζ ( s ) ( for real values of the argument " s ", as are works of Leonhard Euler, as early as 1737 ) predating Riemann's celebrated memoir of 1859, and he succeeded in proving a slightly weaker form of the asymptotic law, namely, that if the limit of π ( x )/( x / ln ( x )) as x goes to infinity exists at all, then it is necessarily equal to one.