On May 6, 1859, during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush, John H. Gregory found a gold-bearing vein ( the Gregory Lode ) in Gregory Gulch between Black Hawk and Central City.

James Donnelly, patriarch of the infamous Black Donnellys, was sentenced to be hanged on September 17, 1859, for the murder of Patrick Farrell.

It was also the home of Harriet E. Wilson, who published the semi-autobiographical novel Our Nig: Or, Sketches in the Life of a Free Black in 1859, making it the first novel by an African-American published in the country.

President Buchanan and his CabinetFrom left to right: Jacob Thompson, Lewis Cass, John B. Floyd, James Buchanan, Howell Cobb, Isaac Toucey, Joseph Holt and Jeremiah S. Black, ( c. 1859 )

The first building bearing the name was built in 1859 for Loibl and Sonnhammer, and was a music hall formed from roofing the yard of the Black Horse Inn.

President Buchanan and his CabinetFrom left to right: Jacob Thompson, Lewis Cass, John B. Floyd, James Buchanan, Howell Cobb, Isaac Toucey, Joseph Holt and Jeremiah S. Black, ( c. 1859 )

President Buchanan and his CabinetFrom left to right: Jacob Thompson, Lewis Cass, John B. Floyd, James Buchanan, Howell Cobb, Isaac Toucey, Joseph Holt and Jeremiah S. Black, ( c. 1859 )

Photo of John Brown, 1859, Black and Batchelder, from Library of Congress

President Buchanan and his CabinetFrom left to right: Jacob Thompson, Lewis Cass, John B. Floyd, James Buchanan, Howell Cobb, Isaac Toucey, Joseph Holt and Jeremiah S. Black, ( c. 1859 )

President Buchanan and his CabinetFrom left to right: Jacob Thompson, Lewis Cass, John B. Floyd, James Buchanan, Howell Cobb, Isaac Toucey, Joseph Holt and Jeremiah S. Black, ( c. 1859 )

He was about 25 years old, and a private in the 42nd Regiment ( later The Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 15 January 1859 at Maylah Ghat, India for which he and Private Duncan Millar were awarded the VC:

He was 34 years old and a private in the 42nd Regiment, ( later The Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 15 January 1859 at Maylah Ghat, British India for which he and Private Walter Cook were awarded the VC:

When two Duma delegates, Grigori Borisovich Iollos ( Poltava province ) and Mikhail Herzenstein ( b. 1859, d. 1906 in Terijoki ), both from the Constitutional Democratic Party, were assassinated by the Black Hundreds terrorists, the organ of Black Hundreds Russkoe Znamya declared openly that " Real Russians assassinated Herzenstein and Iollos with knowledge of officials, and expresses regret that only two Jews perished in crusade against revolutionaries.

Her novel Our Nig, or Sketches from the Life of a Free Black was published anonymously in 1859 in Boston, Massachusetts, and was not widely known.

Wilson's autobiographical novel, Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black, was published in 1859.

President Buchanan and his Cabinet, c. 1859 ( left to right: Jacob Thompson, Lewis Cass, John B. Floyd, James Buchanan, Howell Cobb, Isaac Toucey, Joseph Holt and Jeremiah S. Black )

Lassen was murdered on April 26, 1859 in Clapper Canyon ( then known as Black Rock Canyon ) near the Black Rock Desert as he was traveling to Virginia City, Nevada to prospect for silver.

By 1859 — known by Ecuadorian historians as the Terrible Year — the nation was on the brink of anarchy.

In 1859, Stuart developed a new piece of cavalry equipment, for which he received patent number 25, 684 on October 4 — a saber hook, or an " improved method of attaching sabers to belts.

With the war against Spain ( 1859 – 1860 ) came direct involvement in European affairs — although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed in the Conference of Madrid ( 1880 ), the French gained ever greater influence.

Bismarck, Roon and Moltke took charge at a time when relations among the Great Powers — Great Britain, France, Austria and Russia — had been shattered by the Crimean War of 1854 – 55 and the Italian War of 1859.

* 25 April 1859 — The Suez Canal construction officially starts.

The area was " isolated " by dredging in 1859 and construction in the 1860s of a ship canal across an isthmus of the Keweenaw Peninsula from Portage Lake — on the east side of the Keweenaw Peninsula — to Lake Superior on the west.

* 1859 — Richard Carrington discovers solar flares

Upon his return to France in 1859, Degas moved into a Paris studio large enough to permit him to begin painting The Bellelli Family — an imposing canvas he intended for exhibition in the Salon, although it remained unfinished until 1867.

This region was heavily Republican — in fact, Republicans had represented this district for all but four years since 1859, and was one of the few regions in the former Confederacy where Republicans won on a regular basis.

In 1859 architect Philip Webb designed Red House for the artist, reforming designer and socialist William Morris on the western edge of the heath, in the hamlet of Upton — before Upton became largely developed as a London suburb.

As the population grew, a new church — St Matthew's — was dedicated on 6 July 1859, and enlarged in 1898.

* John Henry Kagi — second in command in John Brown's 1859 raid on the US Arsenal at Harper's Ferry and created station at the Mayhew Cabin for the Underground Railroad.

For some, George Combe's " Constitution, in the way that it advocated personal responsibility and the possibility of naturally sanctioned self-improvement through education or proper self-control, largely inaugurated the self-help movement ;" but it was Samuel Smiles ( 1812 – 1904 ) who published the first self-consciously personal-development " self-help " book — entitled Self-Help — in 1859.

The first bronze cast was lost when the mold cracked ; a second statue was cast in February 1859 — after Montferrand's death.

Tresillo, the habanera, and related African-based single-celled figures have long been heard in the left hand part of piano compositions by New Orleans musicians, for example — Louis Moreau Gottschalk (" Souvenirs From Havana " 1859 ), and Jelly Roll Morton (" The Crave " 1910 ).

William Strang ( 3 February 1859 — 12 April 1921 ) was a renowned Scottish painter and engraver.

* 6 August — formation of the original Kent County Cricket Club in Canterbury ( it will be reformed as the present club in 1859 ).

It was followed by two little volumes of similar character — English Past and Present ( 1855 ) and A Select Glossary of English Words ( 1859 ).

* 1859 — Charles Darwin publishes On The Origin of Species.

On December 2, 1859, John Brown was hanged at Charles Town, Virginia.

* 1859 – Charles Comiskey, American baseball player and manager ( d. 1931 )

In 1859, Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species was published.

According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as camouflage evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage, enabling them to leave more offspring, on average, than other members of the same species.

This last aspect of Erewhon reveals the influence of Charles Darwin's evolution theory ; Butler had read On the Origin of Species soon after it was published in 1859.

The possibility of linking humans with earlier apes by descent only became clear after 1859 with the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

* 1859: Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species.

When Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in 1859, one of its major problems was the lack of an underlying mechanism for heredity.

* 1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.

* 1859 – King Charles XV & IV accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.

Studies of Charles Darwin's notebooks have shown that Darwin arrived separately at the idea of natural selection which he set out in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, but it has been speculated that he may have had some half-forgotten memory from his time as a student in Edinburgh of ideas of selection in nature as set out by Hutton, and by William Charles Wells and Patrick Matthew who had both been associated with the city before publishing their ideas on the topic early in the 19th century.

The greatest change was the widespread acceptance of evolution as the mechanism of biological diversity and species formation, following the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

Two of the most significant thinkers of the period were biologist Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 82 ), author of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection ( 1859 ), and political scientist Karl Marx ( 1818 – 83 ), author of Das Kapital ( 1867 ).

* 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French physicist ( d. 1859 )

* 1859 – Charles Brantley Aycock, 50th Governor of the U. S. state of North Carolina ( d. 1912 )

* 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, the anniversary of which is sometimes called " Evolution Day "

* The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin's 1859 book

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* A Tale of Two Cities ( 1859 ) by Charles Dickens

In his 1859 The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin recalls seeing coloured drawings of zebra-donkey hybrids, and mentions " Lord Moreton's famous hybrid from a chesnut mare and male quagga ..." Darwin mentioned this particular hybrid again in 1868 in The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, and provides a citation to the journal in which Lord Morton first described the breeding.

Sexual selection, a concept introduced by Charles Darwin in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, is a significant element of his theory of natural selection.

On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.

Not until the publication of Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species in 1859, and the large-scale abandonment of the literal reading of the Bible that it caused in Britain, did many of Paine's ideas take hold.

; 1859: Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, which leads to various reactions.