* 1919 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi orders a general strike.

* 1919 – Georgios Mylonas, Greek politician ( d. 1998 )

* 1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1919 – Billy Vaughn, American musician and bandleader ( d. 1991 )

* 1864 – Hermann Weingärtner, German gymnast ( d. 1919 )

* 1870 – Amado Nervo, Mexican poet ( d. 1919 )

* 1919 – Murray Grand, American singer-songwriter and pianist ( d. 2007 )

* 1871 – Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer ( d. 1919 )

* 1919 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player and manager ( d. 2010 )

* 1919 – Joop den Uyl, Dutch politician ( d. 1987 )

* 1919 – Rex Humbard, American preacher and television host ( d. 2007 )

* 1919 – George Shearing, English-American pianist ( d. 2011 )

* 1919 – Nehemiah Persoff, American actor

* 1919 – The Staatliches Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar.

* 2001 – Olivia Barclay, British astrologer ( b. 1919 )

* 1856 – Alfred Deakin, Australian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia ( d. 1919 )

* 2009 – Nikolaos Makarezos, Greek army officer ( b. 1919 )

The second generation was led by Fernand Braudel ( 1902 – 1985 ) and included Georges Duby ( 1919 – 1996 ), Pierre Goubert ( 1915 – 2012 ), Robert Mandrou ( 1921 – 1984 ), Pierre Chaunu ( 1923 – 2009 ), Jacques Le Goff ( 1924 – ) and Ernest Labrousse ( 1895 – 1988 ).

* 1879 – Emiliano Zapata, Mexican general ( d. 1919 )

* Wolfgang ( 1919 – 2010 )

Wolfgang Kurt Hermann " Pief " Panofsky ( April 24, 1919 – September 24, 2007 ), was a physicist who won several awards including the National Medal of Science.

Notable Hamilton alumni include US Secretary of State Elihu Root ( 1864 ), US Vice President James S. Sherman ( 1878 ), poet Ezra Pound ( 1905 ), theatre critic Alexander Woollcott ( 1909 ), jurist and diplomat Philip Jessup ( 1919 ), psychologist B. F. Skinner ( 1926 ), Nobel Prize Winner Paul Greengard ( 1948 ), civil rights leader Bob Moses ( 1956 ), novelist Terry Brooks ( 1966 ), playwright Richard Nelson ( 1971 ), US Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack ( 1972 ), composer Jay Reise ( 1972 ), Pulitzer-Prize winning composer Melinda Wagner ( 1979 ), novelist Peter Cameron ( 1982 ), actor Tony Goldwyn ( 1982 ), author Garret Kramer ( 1984 ), novelist Kamila Shamsie, actor and writer for The Office Paul Lieberstein ( 1989 ), actor Grayson McCouch ( 1991 ), Academy Award-winning screenwriter Nat Faxon ( 1997 ), and politician and author Matthew Zeller ( 2004 ).

By 1919, he had purchased all of the stock for the company to become the sole owner and changed the name in 1938 to August Wagner Breweries, Inc.

Julius Wagner-Jauregg ( until 1919 Julius Wagner Ritter von Jauregg, March 7, 1857 Wels, Upper Austria – September 27, 1940 Vienna ) was an Austrian physician, Nobel Laureate, and Nazi supporter.

After the war, Wagner joined in February 1919 the Second Volunteer Baden Battalion, with whom he participated in the suppression of revolutionary unrest in Mannheim and Karlsruhe.

Other writings include ‘ Svensk musikkultur ’ ( Swedish musical culture, 1911 ) which includes clearsighted and satirical attacks on the prevailing musical establishment, ‘ Richard Wagner som kulturföreteelse ’ ( Richard Wagner as a cultural phenomenon, 1913 ) as well as translations of Tristan und Isolde ( for a 1909 production in Stockholm ), and Nietzsche ’ s The Birth of Tragedy ( 1902 ) and Also sprach Zarathustra ( 1919 ).

He was a poet and a member of the völkisch agitators who, together with journalist Karl Harrer, founded the German Workers ' Party ( DAP ) in Munich with Gottfried Feder and Dietrich Eckart in 1919.

* 1870 – Gustav Landauer, German anarchist and revolutionary ( d. 1919 )

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 – 1918 ), the German Empire ( 1871 – 1918 ), the Weimar Republic ( 1919 – 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 – 1945 ).

The school existed in three German cities ( Weimar from 1919 to 1925, Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and Berlin from 1932 to 1933 ), under three different architect-directors: Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1928, Hannes Meyer from 1928 to 1930 and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe from 1930 until 1933, when the school was closed by its own leadership under pressure from the Nazi regime.

In 1919 Swiss painter Johannes Itten, German-American painter Lyonel Feininger, and German sculptor Gerhard Marcks, along with Gropius, comprised the faculty of the Bauhaus.

Writing on Doctrine and Training in the German Army 1919 – 1939, O ’ Neill stated:

* Marburg's Bloody Sunday ( 1919 ), a massacre of civilians of German ethnic origin in Maribor during the protest at the central city square

It became the basis of the German Armistice ( really a surrender ) and the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.

An illustration from an 1919 Austrian postcard showing a caricature d Judaism | Jew stabbing the German Army in the back with a dagger.

The theme of stab-in-the-back was articulated in 1919 most prominently by General Erich Ludendorff, one of the two top German commanders.

German popular reaction to the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 was highly negative.

Category: German Revolution of 1918 – 1919

With the removal of the German High Seas Fleet in 1919, Britain had no naval enemies, and at the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 it was agreed that the USA, Britain and Japan should set their navies in a ratio of 5: 5: 3, with France and Italy maintaining smaller fleets.

* 1919 – Hans-Joachim Marseille, German flying ace of World War II ( d. 1942 )

* 1919 – Woldemar Voigt, German physicist ( b. 1850 )

* 1945 – Elisabeth Volkenrath, Polish-born German concentration camp supervisor ( b. 1919 )

The word " ecology " (" Ökologie ") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel ( 1834 – 1919 ).

An interesting German example from a few years later is Robert Reinert's Opium ( 1919 ), which has some notable innovations in the use of Insert shots to help convey the sensation of the drug reveries.

* 1919 – Kurt Eisner, German socialist, is assassinated.

They received considerable support from Minister of Defense Gustav Noske, a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, who used them to crush the German Revolution of 1918 – 1919 and the Marxist Spartacist League and arrest Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, who were killed on 15 January 1919.

* 1919 – Georg Gawliczek, German football manager ( d. 1999 )