Volume 1, was completed in 1941 and published in 1944.

Only several years after its liberation ( 1878 ), Bulgaria became a regional military power and was involved in several major wars – Serbo-Bulgarian War ( 1885 ), First Balkan War ( 1912 – 13 ), Second Balkan War ( 1913 ), First World War ( 1915 – 1918 ) and Second World War ( 1941 – 1944 ), during which the Army gained significant combat experience.

President Roosevelt authorized the Bronze Star Medal by Executive Order 9419 dated 4 February 1944, retroactive to 7 December 1941.

He said of the Siege of Leningrad ( 1941 – 1944 ): " Those who consumed human flesh, or dealt with the human liver trading from dissecting rooms ... were accounted as the political criminals ..." And of the building of Northern Railway Prisoners Camp (" SevZhelDorLag ") Solzhenitsyn reports, " An ordinary hard working political prisoner almost could not survive at that penal camp.

He collaborated on such cartoons as Donald's Nephews ( 1938 ), Donald's Cousin Gus ( 1939 ), Mr. Duck Steps Out ( 1940 ), Timber ( 1941 ), The Vanishing Private ( 1942 ) and The Plastics Inventor ( 1944 ).

Conquest's calculations excluded camp deaths before 1936 and after 1950, executions from 1939 – 1953, the vast deportation of the people of captive nations into the camps and their deaths 1939 – 1953, the massive deportation within the Soviet Union of minorities 1941 – 1944 and their deaths, and those the Soviet Red Army and secret police executed throughout Eastern Europe after their conquest during 1944 – 1945.

Finland and Nazi Germany were " co-belligerents " against Soviet Union during Continuation War ( 1941 – 44 ), but a separate peace with Soviet Union led to the Finnish-German Lapland War ( 1944 – 45 ).

These existed alongside more flamboyant films like Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp ( 1943 ), A Canterbury Tale ( 1944 ) and A Matter of Life and Death ( 1946 ), as well as Laurence Olivier's 1944 film Henry V, based on the Shakespearean history Henry V. The success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs allowed Disney to make more animated features like Pinocchio ( 1940 ), Fantasia ( 1940 ), Dumbo ( 1941 ) and Bambi ( 1942 ).

The war years also saw the flowering of the Powell and Pressburger partnership with films like 49th Parallel ( 1941 ), The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp ( 1943 ) and A Canterbury Tale ( 1944 ) which, while set in wartime, were very much about the people affected by war rather than battles.

The iconic noir counterpart to the femme fatale, the private eye, came to the fore in films such as The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ), with Humphrey Bogart as Sam Spade, and Murder, My Sweet ( 1944 ), with Dick Powell as Philip Marlowe.

Other leading films included Mr. Deeds Goes to Town ( 1936 ), Lost Horizon ( 1937 ), You Can't Take It With You ( 1938 ), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington ( 1939 ), Meet John Doe ( 1941 ), Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1944 ), It's a Wonderful Life ( 1946 ) and State of the Union ( 1948 ).

More successful were A Woman's Face ( 1941 ) with Joan Crawford and Gaslight ( 1944 ) with Ingrid Bergman and Charles Boyer.

** Master Mixed Teams ( 6 ) 1938, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1948, 1954

He is popular for his films from a wide range of genres such as Scarface ( 1932 ), Bringing Up Baby ( 1938 ), Only Angels Have Wings ( 1939 ), His Girl Friday ( 1940 ), Sergeant York ( 1941 ), To Have and Have Not ( 1944 ), The Big Sleep ( 1946 ), Red River ( 1948 ), The Thing from Another World ( 1951 ), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes ( 1953 ), and Rio Bravo ( 1959 ).

* 1944 – World War II: the Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, occupied by Finland since 1941.

* 6-Ben A. Jones ( 1938, 1941, 1944, 1948, 1949, 1952 )

* 8-Calumet Farm ( 1941, 1944, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1957, 1958, 1968 )

Latvia's independent status was interrupted at the outset of World War II when in 1940 the country was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union, invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, then retaken by the Soviets in 1944 after Germany surrendered.

During the Continuation War ( 1941 – 1944 ) not only Finnish and Soviet, but also German and Italian vessels operated there ( see also Naval Detachment K and Regia Marina ).

Under these circumstances, during much of the Siege of Leningrad ( 1941 – 1944 ), Lake Ladoga provided the only access to the besieged city because a section of the eastern shore remained in Soviet hands.

During World War II, the Vardar Banovina was occupied between 1941 and 1944 by Italian-ruled Albania, which annexed the Albanian-populated western regions, and pro-German Bulgaria, which occupied the remainder.

Six volumes of Peake's verse were published during his lifetime ; Shapes & Sounds ( 1941 ), Rhymes without Reason 1944, The Glassblowers ( 1950 ), The Rhyme of the Flying Bomb ( 1962 ), Poems & Drawings ( 1965 ), and A Reverie of Bone ( 1967 ).

The Omakaitse ( Home Guard ) was an organisation formed by the local population of Estonia on the basis of the Estonian Defence League and the forest brothers resistance movement active in the Eastern Front, 3 July 1941 – 17 September 1944.

For example Winston Churchill 1941 said in a broadcast speech: " There are less than 70, 000, 000 malignant Huns, some of whom are curable and others killable, most of whom are already engaged in holding down Austrians, Czechs, Poles and the many other ancient races they now bully and pillage.

In 1941, the German leadership decided that in ten to 20 years, the Polish territories under German occupation were to be cleared entirely of ethnic Poles and resettled by German-speaking colonists from Bukovina, Eastern Galicia and Volhynia.

During the Jedwabne pogrom of July 1941, some non-Jewish Poles burned at least 340 Jews in a barn-house ( final findings of the Institute of National Remembrance ) in the presence of Nazi German Ordnungspolizei.

After the deportation of Poles and Jews in 1939 – 1941 ( see Polish minority in Soviet Union ) and the Holocaust the Polish population in the territories had decreased considerably.

The atmosphere of revenge for the Soviet crimes against ethnic Poles led to the Jedwabne pogrom of July 1941, where a mob of Poles murdered around 300 local Jews in a burning barn-house.

During 1939 – 1941 1. 450 million. of the people inhabiting the region were deported by the Soviet regime, of whom 63. 1 % were Poles, and 7. 4 % were Jews.

During the war it came to also include other nationalities such as French, in 1940 Poles, 1941 people from the Balkans, and in 1942 Russians.

From October 1941 until 1944 Bartoszewski studied Polish Studies in the secret Humanist Department of Warsaw University at the time when higher education of Poles was outlawed by the German occupational authorities.

The Nazis intended to destroy the Polish nation completely and in 1941 Nazi leadership decided that in 10 to 20 years Polish state was to be fully cleared of any ethnic Poles and settled by German colonists.

On 9 June 1941 at present-day Wolności Square the public execution of the three Poles, Kalikst Perkowski, Wilhelm Czernecki and Piotr Sanda took place.

; 1941, July: Jewish Poles in German-occupied Soviet-annexed Poland, Jewish Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians as well as Soviet Jews in German-occupied areas were obliged to wear white armbands or yellow badges.

The consequent release of the many thousands of Poles from the Soviet Gulags allowed for the formation of a Polish Army on Soviet soil following the signing of the Polish-Russian Military Agreement on August 14, 1941.

Between 1939 – 1941, 200, 000 Poles were deported to Siberia by the Soviet authorities.

Between July 1941, and August 1944, Paneriai became the mass murder site of approximately 100, 000 victims, the vast majority of them Jews and Poles, many from nearby Vilnius.

According to its own reports to Himmler, Einsatzgruppe A killed almost 140, 000 people in the five months following the invasion: 136, 421 Jews, 1, 064 Communists, 653 people with mental illnesses, 56 partisans, 44 Poles, five Gypsies and one Armenian were reported killed between June 22 and November 25, 1941.

In 1941, some of the Poles who survived the Soviet labour camps became part of Anders Army and some of these were selected to join the Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain.

The city was occupied by Germany in 1941, and all institutions of higher education for Poles were closed.

The partial removal of potentially trouble-making ethnic groups was a technique used consistently by Joseph Stalin during his career: Poles ( 1939 – 1941 and 1944 – 1945 ), Romanians ( 1941 and 1944 – 1953 ), Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians ( 1941 and 1945 – 1949 ), Volga Germans ( 1941 – 1945 ), Ingrian Finns ( 1929 – 1931 and 1935 – 1939 ), Finnish people in Karelia ( 1940 – 1941, 1944 ), Crimean Tatars, Crimean Greeks, Kalmyks, Balkars, Karachays, Meskhetian Turks, Karapapaks, Far East Koreans ( 1937 ), Chechens and Ingushs ( 1944 ).