With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

The name Formica rufibarbis was first given to this ant by Lord Avebury in Britain in his important work Ants, Bees and Wasps in 1881, although the species had been noted ( misidentified as F. cunicularia ) by Frederick Smith in 1851.

The Burrowing Owl ( Athene cunicularia ) is a tiny but long-legged owl found throughout open landscapes of North and South America.

Probably not distinct from cunicularia.

Image: LECHUCITA DE CAMPO Athene cunicularia. jpg | Southern Burrowing Owl ( A. c. cunicularia ) Uruguay

Formica cunicularia ( Latreille ) is a mining ant of the Formica fusca group.

rubescens cunicularia has frequently been confounded with rufibarbis, and it is probable that some British records of [...] rufibarbis really refer to this variety.

F. cunicularia, unlike most other Formica fusca-group species, can form noticeable hillocks over its nests, and in addition to these produces rufibarbis-like runs in the vicinity of its nest.

Meadowlands near the mouth of Permanente Creek in Shoreline Park provide critical remnant habitat for Western Burrowing Owls ( Athene cunicularia ), a bird that has vanished from many counties in the Bay Area.

It appears to be one of intense dislike, which he makes little effort to conceal even in the presence of Southern friends.

Also, among the latter a large percentage soon acquire the prevalent Southern attitude on most social problems.

Thus we are compelled to face the urbanization of the South -- an urbanization which, despite its dramatic and overwhelming effects upon the Southern culture, has been utterly ignored by the bulk of Southern writers.

Indeed, it seems that only in today's Southern fiction does Tobacco Road, with all the traditional trimmings of sowbelly and cornbread and mint juleps, continue to live -- but only as a weary, overexploited phantom.

It is said that, even at the present stage of Southern urbanization, such a city as Atlanta is not distinctly unlike Columbus or Trenton.

Undoubtedly even the old Southern stalwart Richmond has felt the new wind: William Styron mentions in his latest novel an avenue named for Bankhead McGruder, a Civil War general, now renamed, in typical California fashion, `` Buena Vista Terrace ''.

Truman Capote is still reveling in Southern Gothicism, exaggerating the old Southern legends into something beautiful and grotesque, but as unreal as -- or even more unreal than -- yesterday.

William Styron, while facing the changing economy with a certain uneasy reluctance, insists he is not to be classified as a Southern writer and yet includes traditional Southern concepts in everything he publishes.

An example of the changes which have crept over the Southern region may be seen in the Southern Negro's quest for a position in the white-dominated society, a problem that has been reflected in regional fiction especially since 1865.

Today the Negro must discover his role in an industrialized South, which indicates that the racial aspect of the Southern dilemma hasn't changed radically, but rather has gradually come to be reflected in this new context, this new coat of paint.

Today's evidence, such as the fact that only three Southern states ( South Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi ) still openly defy integration, would have astounded many of yesterday's Southerners into speechlessness.

This bold self-assertion, after decades of humble subservience, is indeed a twentieth-century phenomenon, an abrupt change in the Southern way of existence.

The modern Negro has not made a decisive debut into Southern fiction.

Just as the Negro situation points up the gradual and abrupt changes affecting Southern life, it also points up the non-representation of urbanism in Southern literature.

All but the most rabid of Confederate flag wavers admit that the Old Southern tradition is defunct in actuality and sigh that its passing was accompanied by the disappearance of many genteel and aristocratic traditions of the reputedly languid ante-bellum way of life.

As John T. Westbrook says in his article, `` Twilight Of Southern Regionalism '' ( Southwest Review, Winter 1957 ): `` The miasmal mausoleum where an Old South, already too minutely autopsied in prose and poetry, should be left to rest in peace, forever dead and ( let us fervently hope ) forever done with ''.

Westbrook further bemoans the Southern writers' creation of an unreal image of their homeland, which is too readily assimilated by both foreign readers and visiting Yankees: `` Our northerner is suspicious of all this crass evidence ( of urbanization ) presented to his senses.

In the meantime, while the South has been undergoing this phenomenal modernization that is so disappointing to the curious Yankee, Southern writers have certainly done little to reflect and promote their region's progress.

No Southern novelist has done for Atlanta or Birmingham what Herrick, Dreiser, and Farrell did for Chicago or Dos Passos did for New York.

Not a single Southern author, major or minor, has made the urban problems of an urban South his primary source material.

Burrowing can therefore be described as a " pre-encounter defensive behavior ", as opposed to a " postencounter defensive behavior ", such as flight, freezing, or avoidance of a threatening stimulus.

The family is generally arboreal ( with a few exceptions like the Burrowing Owl ) and obtain their food on the wing.

Over 250 native species have been recorded in the park, 29 of which are considered rare or threatened in Victoria, including the Long-footed Potoroo, Spotted Quoll ( Tiger Quoll ), Giant Burrowing Frog and Eastern She-oak Skink.

They seem to be fond of eating a native endangered plant, Cordia globosa and feeding on Nickernut ( Caesalpinia ) a primary food plant of the endangered Miami Blue Butterfly ( Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri ); additionally on Marco Island, Green Iguanas have been observed using the burrows of the Florida Burrowing Owl, a species of special concern, all of which can make them more of a serious threat to Florida's ecosystem than originally believed.

* Bird House, where guests and birds are separated by piano wire, features birds as varied as Bald Eagle, Rhinoceros Hornbill, Hyacinth Macaw, Burrowing Owl, Toco Toucan, Cape Thick-Knee, Golden Pheasant, Kookaburra, Mariana Fruit-dove, King Vulture, Horned Guan, Superb Starling, Tawny Frogmouth, and the Guam Kingfisher, which is Extinct in the Wild.

The main building houses Brown Kiwi, Cattle Egrets, Burrowing Owls, Green Magpies, Pygmy Falcons, Lilac-breasted Rollers and several other birds.

Burrowing species that leave their young unattended at a very early stage are particularly vulnerable to attack.

Burrowing is seen in at least one group of fossil lungfish, the Gnathorhizidae.

Prairie dog burrows provide the nesting areas for Mountain Plovers and Burrowing Owls.

File: Wolf spider attack position. jpg | Burrowing wolf spider defending its egg sac.

The Patagonian Conure, also known as the Burrowing Parrot, Cyanoliseus patagonus, is the largest conure.

Of the North American owls, only the Burrowing Owl is more likely to be active during the day.

Burrowing Owls can be found in grasslands, rangelands, agricultural areas, deserts, or any other open dry area with low vegetation.

Unlike most owls, Burrowing Owls are often active during the day, although they tend to avoid the midday heat.

But like many other kinds of owls, Burrowing Owls do most of their hunting from dusk until dawn, when they can use their night vision and hearing to their advantage.

Burrowing Owls have bright yellow eyes ; their beaks can be dark yellow or gray depending on the subspecies.

Burrowing Owls of all ages have grayish legs longer than other owls.

The Burrowing Owl is sometimes separated in the monotypic genus Speotyto.

On the other hand, osteology and DNA sequence data suggests that the Burrowing Owl is just a terrestrial version of the Athene little owls, and it is today placed in that genus by most authorities.

* A. c. grallaria: Brazilian Burrowing Owl – Central and E Brazil.