* If the offence fumbles ( a ball carrier drops the football, or has it dislodged by an opponent, or if the intended player fails to catch a lateral pass or a snap from centre, or a kick attempt is blocked by an opponent ), the ball may be recovered ( and advanced ) by either team.

However, any player may legally catch a backwards or lateral pass.

Together, their tendons pass behind the lateral malleolus.

In American football, a lateral pass or lateral, officially backward pass ( onside pass in Canadian football ), occurs when the ball carrier throws the football to any teammate behind him or directly next to him ( i. e. on or behind a line running through the ball and parallel to the line of scrimmage ).

A lateral pass is distinguished from a forward pass, in which the ball is thrown forward, towards the opposition's end zone.

In a lateral pass the ball is not advanced, but unlike a forward pass a lateral may be attempted from anywhere on the field by any player to any player at any time.

While the forward pass is an invention of the North American game, the lateral and backward pass is also a part of rugby union and rugby league, where such passes are much more common.

One key difference between the rugby and gridiron variants of the backward pass is that the gridiron lateral is based solely on the path of the ball, unlike in rugby, where it is based on the position of the player.

While a forward pass may only be thrown once per down by the team on offense from within or behind the neutral zone, there are no restrictions on the use of lateral passes ; any player legally carrying the ball may throw a lateral pass from any position on the field at any time, any player may receive such a pass, and any number of lateral passes may be thrown on a single play.

Rarer lateral consonants include the retroflex laterals that can be found in most Indic languages and in some Swedish dialects, and the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, found in many Native North American languages, Welsh and Zulu.

The tlh sound that he incorporated into Klingon, unusual to speakers of North American English, is common in other English accents, and in North and Central American indigenous languages, in which it is usually transcribed as tl, tł or ƛ ( a voiceless alveolar affricate with lateral release ); this is the sound at the end of the word " Nahuatl ".

* Many South American horse breeds have a range of smooth intermediate lateral ambling gaits.

* The rack or racking is a lateral gait most commonly associated with the Five-Gaited American Saddlebred.

The Oriental Darter differs in appearance from American darters most recognisably by its white lateral neck stripe.

Deforestation of river banks of the Mississippi and tributaries to fuel the hundreds of steamboats that plied the river had several significant environmental effects: destabilizing the banks, causing the Mississippi to become wider and more shallow, causing more severe flooding and leading to lateral channel changes in the American Bottoms area.

The African Darter differs in appearance from the American Darter most recognisably by its thin white lateral neck stripe against a rufous background colour.

Mexican Spanish and some other Latin American dialects have adopted from the native languages the voiceless alveolar affricate and a voiceless alveolar lateral affricate represented by the respective digraphs < tz > and < tl >, as in the names Atzcapotzalco and Tlaxcala.

In 1918 the American neurosurgeon Walter Dandy introduced the technique of ventriculography whereby images of the ventricular system within the brain were obtained by injection of filtered air directly into one or both lateral ventricles of the brain via one or more small trephine holes drilled in the skull under local anaesthesia.

The hook and lateral or hook and ladder is a trick play in American or Canadian football.

It contrasts laminal and apical stops, as in Basque and languages of Australia and California ; epiglottal and glottal stops and fricatives, as in the Mideast, the Caucasus, and the American Pacific Northwest ; and is perhaps the only language in the world to contrast alveolar lateral and palatal lateral fricatives and affricates.

In American English, the voiceless alveolar stop phoneme is realized as the alveolar flap allophone when it is preceded by a sonorant phoneme other than an alveolar nasal or lateral, and, at the same time, followed by an unstressed vowel phoneme.

The lateral pass rule, or rather the lack of restrictions contained therein, has given rise to some of the most memorable and incredible plays in professional football history.

The 1988 made-for-TV film Quiet Victory: The Charlie Wedemeyer Story, was based on the life of former Los Gatos High School head football coach Charlie Wedemeyer, who was stricken with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and continued to coach the football team for several years.

The " hook and lateral " is sometimes referred to as a " hook and ladder ", which is a topic of considerable debate among football fans and analysts.

Unlike sports like Association football and ice hockey which require the puck or ball to pass completely over the goal line to count as a score, both Canadian and American football just merely need the nose of the ball to break the vertical plane of the outer edge of the goal line.

In American football and Canadian football, not all players on offense are entitled to receive a forward pass.

An American football quarterback in the " pocket " and preparing to pass.

The forward pass is one of main distinguishers between gridiron football ( American football and Canadian football ) in which the play is legal and widespread, and rugby football ( union and league ) from which the North American games evolved, in which the play is illegal.

The development of the forward pass in American football shows how the game has evolved from its rugby roots into the distinctive game it is today.

Illegal and experimental forward passes had been attempted as early as 1876, but the first legal forward pass in American football took place in 1906, after a change in rules.

In American and Canadian football, a forward pass — usually referred to simply as a pass — consists of one offensive player throwing the football towards another downfield in the direction of the opponent's goal line.

Under American football's tuck rule, if the quarterback is attempting to bring the ball back to his body after starting a passing motion, a lost ball may be considered an incomplete pass even if the quarterback's arm is moving backward at the time.

Pierce, a Native American, taught Reiter to throw an underhand spiral pass, but Reiter had short arms and was unable to throw for distance from an underhand delivery.

A snap ( colloquially called a " hike ", " snapback ", or " pass from center ") starts each American football and Canadian football play from scrimmage.

Some 7, 500 soldier-students were to pass through the University during its four one-month sessions ( see G. I. American Universities ).

All CMs must pass the same certifying exam administered by the American Midwifery Certification Board for CNMs.

Webster also played a critical role lobbying individual states throughout the country during the 1780s to pass the first American copyright laws, which were expected to have distinct nationalistic implications for the infant nation.

* 1906 – The first legal forward pass in American football is thrown by Bradbury Robinson of St. Louis University to teammate Jack Schneider in a 22 – 0 victory over Carroll College ( Wisconsin ).

The Pan American Health Organization ( PAHO / AMRO ) became the first region to develop and pass a policy on research for health approved in September 2009.

* March 7 – Bradbury Robinson, American who threw the first forward pass in American football history in 1906 ( b. 1884 )

* February 1 – Bradbury Robinson, who threw the first forward pass in American football history in 1906 ( d. 1949 )