Costa Rica maintains small forces capable of law enforcement and foreign peacekeeping, but has no permanent standing army.

Furthermore, China's first permanent standing navy was assembled and provided an admiral's office at Dinghai in 1132, under the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song.

He organised for the Ottoman Empire a standing army of regularly paid and disciplined infantry and horses, a full century before Charles VII of France established his fifteen permanent companies of men-at-arms, which are generally regarded as the first modern standing army.

While Carthage's navy was the largest in the ancient world at the time, it did not maintain a large, permanent, standing army.

In the time of the Early Roman Empire, there were usually about 25 – 35 permanent standing legions.

One of the issues the Bill resolved was the authority of the King to disarm its subjects, after James II had attempted to disarm many Protestants, and had argued with Parliament over his desire to maintain a standing ( or permanent ) army.

* 1132: The Southern Song Dynasty establishes China's first permanent standing navy, although China had a long naval history prior.

* Under the Song Dynasty, China's first permanent standing navy is established in this year, with the headquarters of the admiral stationed at Dinghai.

His first priority was an effective navy, including steam frigates, and in the second place a standing army of adequate size ; and as further preparation for emergency " great permanent roads ," " a certain encouragement " to manufactures, and a system of internal taxation which would not be subject like customs duties to collapse by a war-time shrinkage of maritime trade.

It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy.

The Armed Forces Act 2006 establishes the Court Martial as a permanent standing court.

They are ultimately responsible for the creation of permanent, professional, and military-trained counter-terrorism forces of major European countries, like GSG9 or GIGN, or the reorganization of already standing units to such a group, like the Special Air Service of the UK.

Because the limestone cap is porous, rainwater quickly sinks through it and there are no permanent streams, or standing bodies of freshwater.

The NSC Planning Board met on Tuesday and Friday afternoons and was composed of officials at the Assistant Secretary level from the agencies with permanent or standing representation on the Council, as well as advisers from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Central Intelligence Agency.

In the 1930s, many of the fishing camps were torn down and replaced by permanent homes, a number of which are still standing.

#* Standing committee: The standing committee is a permanent one ; each committee deals with bills in specific subject areas.

Patriots had a strong distrust of a permanent " standing army ", so the Continental Army was quickly demobilized, with land grants to veterans.

Despite Japan's economic power and political influence, some debate whether or not a country with no standing military can be considered a " world power " that should have a permanent seat on the Council.

In subsequent years Sullavan would joke that she cultivated that " laryngitis " into a permanent hoarseness by standing in every available draft.

The 108th Congress ( 2003 – 2005 ) had 19 standing committees in the House and 17 in the Senate, plus four joint permanent committees with members from both houses overseeing the Library of Congress, printing, taxation and the economy.

In the 12th century, China's first permanent standing navy was established by the Southern Song Dynasty, the headquarters of the Admiralty stationed at Ding-hai.

The missi were not permanent officials, but were generally selected from the ranks of officials at the court, and during the reign of Charlemagne personages of high standing undertook this work.

In the United States Congress, standing committees are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules.

This last scenario has long been discarded because of the lack of any evidence of a permanent army.

In the 2010 – 11 financial year the army had an average strength of 47, 135 personnel: 30, 235 permanent ( regular ) and 16, 900 active reservists ( part-time ).

However, a permanent race track was not constructed until after the war, using communications roads built by the occupying German army.

They were organized around the year 1729 to fill out the army and make it look larger in battle, armed only with banners. Dahomey female soldiers The women reportedly behaved so courageously they became a permanent corps.

Thus the scutage was introduced, whereby most Englishmen paid to escape their service and this money was used to create a permanent army.

The usage of " private " dates from the 18th century, when the army of Napoleon Bonaparte first established the permanent rank of soldat.

Soon thereafter the Imperial army retreated from Poland without making any permanent gains.

In 1868, after the German Confederation dissolved, Liechtenstein disbanded its army of 80 men and declared its permanent neutrality, which was respected during both World Wars.

Thus the history of English military law up to 1879 may be divided into three periods, each having a distinct constitutional aspect: ( I ) prior to 1689, the army, being regarded as so many personal retainers of the sovereign rather than servants of the state, was mainly governed by the will of the sovereign ; ( 2 ) between 1689 and 1803, the army, being recognized as a permanent force, was governed within the realm by statute and without it by the prerogative of the crown and ( 3 ) from 1803 to 1879, it was governed either directly by statute or by the sovereign under an authority derived from and defined and limited by statute.

In 1593, the first permanent Roman Catholic mission was established on the Zamboanga Peninsula, and three years later, the Spanish Army launched another attack on Jolo, but this one was repelled by the army of Rajah Bongsu.

The new Roman army, its numbers vastly bolstered by lower class citizens whose future was tied to their permanent career, was always able to provide reserves in times of disaster.

In 1989, two permanent armed checkpoints were erected at either side of the town centre to protect an already existing army base at Chapel Street.

Plans had already been made to erect a permanent building for the Secretariat and Army GHQ, but these were cancelled after the Second World War broke out, at which point more than two-thirds of the hotel's rooms were being used for government and army purposes.

Killeen suffered a recession when Camp Hood was all but abandoned after the end of the Second World War, but when Fort Hood was established as a permanent army post in 1950, the city boomed again.

Though tactically defeated, the Americans all but destroyed Cornwallis ' army as an effective fighting force and gained a permanent strategic advantage in the South.

Early in the war, the enlistment periods were short, as the Continental Congress feared the possibility of the Continental Army evolving into a permanent army.

( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity, it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order, something permanent and unchanging.

This man's isolation is not merely momentary, it is permanent.

The universe is a safe and permanent home.

Death is not permanent defeat and disappearance ; ;

For the same reason, the output fiber plate is planoconcave, its exposed flat side permitting contact photography if a permanent record is desired.

It is not through space nor time that the time machine most approved by science fiction must travel for a visit to the permanent prehistoric past, or the ever-existent past-fantasy future.

In the period from 10 to 14 the permanent set of teeth is usually completed, yet the continuing growth of bony tissue makes moving badly placed teeth comparatively easy.

The gardens themselves are open free of charge the year round, and the 192 permanent employes make sure that not a dead or wilted flower is ever seen indoors or out by any visitor.

There is only a judgment that grants money damages or some other kind of equitable remedy such as restitution or a permanent injunction.

The body has a permanent secretariat, the Anglican Communion Office, of which the Archbishop of Canterbury is president.

Unlike ethanol, methanol is extremely toxic: As little as 10 ml can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve and 30 ml ( one fluid ounce ) is potentially fatal.

These defects are created during plastic deformation, such as hammering or bending, and are permanent unless the metal is recrystallized.

The replica ABC is now on permanent display in the first floor lobby of the Durham Center for Computation and Communication at Iowa State University.

A permanent anchor is used in the creation of a mooring, and is rarely moved ; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain it.

Pagi, usually pairs of pagi combined, formed kingdoms ( regna ) which, it is generally believed, were permanent and hereditary.

Because of its pioneering efforts, Acadia is a laureate of Washington ’ s Smithsonian Institution and a part of the permanent research collection of the National Museum of American History.

Static circuits ( permanent virtual circuits or PVCs ) or paths ( permanent virtual paths or PVPs ) require that the circuit is composed of a series of segments, one for each pair of interfaces through which it passes.

It can be a permanent virtual circuit ( PVC ), which is created administratively on the end points, or a switched virtual circuit ( SVC ), which is created as needed by the communicating parties.