On random occasions, there may be an especially gratuitous amount of gibs ( flying pieces of characters or enemies ) produced when an enemy is killed, presenting the player with the Ludicrous Gibs!

According to Max Boot's book War Made New ( 2006, pg 122 ), sometime between 1803 and 1809, the Prussian General Staff developed war games, with staff officers moving metal pieces around on a game table ( with blue pieces representing their forces and red pieces those of the enemy ), using dice rolls to indicate random chance and with a referee scoring the results.

Like previous Final Fantasy installments, travel across the world map screen and hostile field screen locations is interrupted by random enemy encounters.

The player engages in random enemy encounters, both on the overworld map and in dungeons, which saw a change from the top-down perspective to a first-person view.

While generic enemy units do appear in the game, most random battles are fought against one or more generals randomly selected from those roaming the lands the player's party is traveling through at the time.

Any player deemed to be using an illegal copy, or cheating in the game, would have random forces destroyed throughout the game by an unbeatable enemy called " The Tim Continuum " ( after the game's author, Tim Wissemann ).

The ship initiated a random jump to slipspace ( similar to hyperspace ), hoping to lead the enemy away from Earth.

The computer AI's " strategy " is to constantly choose a random point in the enemy and move its cursor to it.

The early games in the series also feature some common gameplay elements and themes first established in Final Fantasy, such as random enemy encounters, but most of these disappear with the Romancing SaGa games, providing a unique gameplay experience.

Towns contain the prerequisite shops and villagers who offer information, while dungeons are mazelike affairs where random enemy encounters may occur.

Player participation is minimal, as the game system picks the targets to be flown to, and the enemy opposition as well as a number of random events that might take place ( representing damage or failure of equipment on the plane, navigational errors, etc .).

There is also a Fire button for shooting, a button to activate a smart bomb, a button to turn on the Inviso cloaking device, and a hyperspace button which teleports the player to a random position in the level, at a risk of either exploding upon rematerialization, or materializing onto an enemy or enemy projectile.

( A second use of the Superzapper in a level destroys one random enemy.

Each enemy was designed to exhibit a unique behavior toward the character ; random elements were programmed into the enemies ' behaviors to make the game more interesting.

He is much like the Merchant class in other Dragon Quest games, however he also learns abilities used by Jesters, Thieves and Dancers in other games in the series, when he joins the Hero in Chapter 5 he sometimes performs a random action in battle, such as summoning an army of merchants, throwing sand in the enemy's eyes, tripping and scoring a critical hit on an enemy or stealing an item from an enemy.

They act much like the night goblin Fanatics, causing random damage as they come into contact with the enemy.

There are four types of RvR combat: Skirmishes ( random world encounters ), Battlefields ( objective-driven battles in RvR-specific areas ), Scenarios ( instanced, point-based battles against the opposing faction ), and Campaigns ( invading enemy lands and capital cities ).

However, it abandoned random encounters and introduced an innovative battle system, which uses a first-person perspective that allows the player to aim at specific body parts of an enemy and disable certain characteristics.

According to Djuvara, the last Soviet offer for Antonescu made only minor concessions — the entire country was to be occupied by the Red Army, with the exception of a random western county ( to function as a provisional administrative center ), and 15 days were given to the Romanian government to reach an armistice with Nazi Germany ( Djuvara considered this latter expectation particularly unrealistic, as it involved Germany consciously abandoning Romanian territory to its enemy ).

In the final dungeon, " The Edge ", players may experience a random encounter with an enemy called " Prophallus ", which looks identical to Dark Falz ( Dark Force ) from the original Phantasy Star ; this is an even closer reference than it appears, as " Prophallus " is considered by some to be an incorrect transliteration of " Dark Falz ".

Battles with enemy demons are triggered via random encounters ; the game's turn-based battles are also carried out in a third-person view.

Phantasy Star III mostly follows the traditional roleplaying game formula seen throughout the series, with exploration of several 2-D worlds, character recruitment, and random enemy encounters using a turn-based battle system.

In battle they lurch towards the nearest enemy at random speeds.

Waves are completely random and are affected by the weather, making for a different experience from that of most other games in the racing genre, such as the PlayStation 2's Splashdown.

Table 2 shows operating cost data of state vehicles selected at random.

There are 2, 598, 960 such combinations, and the chance of drawing any one hand at random is 1 / 2, 598, 960.

Suppose random variable X can take value x < sub > 1 </ sub > with probability p < sub > 1 </ sub >, value x < sub > 2 </ sub > with probability p < sub > 2 </ sub >, and so on, up to value x < sub > k </ sub > with probability p < sub > k </ sub >.

The Lie group could be / Z < sub > 2 </ sub >, just to take a random example.

Consider a pseudo random number generator ( PRNG ) function P ( key ) that is uniform on the interval 2 < sup > b </ sup > − 1.

The special case of information entropy for a random variable with two outcomes is the binary entropy function, usually taken to the logarithmic base 2:

The Corte d ' Assise is composed of 2 judges and 6 laypersons chosen at random among Italian citizens 30 to 65 years old.

Meiosis generates genetic diversity in two ways: ( 1 ) independent alignment and subsequent separation of homologous chromosome pairs during the first meiotic division allows a random and independent selection of each chromosome segregates into each gamete ; and ( 2 ) physical exchange of homologous chromosomal regions by homologous recombination during prophase I results in new combinations of DNA within chromosomes.

In mathematical terms, given a random variable X with distribution F, a random sample of length n ( where n may be any of 1, 2, 3 ,...) is a set of n independent, identically distributed ( iid ) random variables with distribution F.

For n independent and identically distributed continuous random variables X < sub > 1 </ sub >, X < sub > 2 </ sub >, ..., X < sub > n </ sub > with cumulative distribution function G ( x ) and probability density function g ( x ) the range of the X < sub > i </ sub > is the range of a sample of size n from a population with distribution function G ( x ).

For n nonidentically distributed independent continuous random variables X < sub > 1 </ sub >, X < sub > 2 </ sub >, ..., X < sub > n </ sub > with cumulative distribution functions G < sub > 1 </ sub >( x ), G < sub > 2 </ sub >( x ), ..., G < sub > n </ sub >( x ) and probability density functions g < sub > 1 </ sub >( x ), g < sub > 2 </ sub >( x ), ..., g < sub > n </ sub >( x ), the range has cumulative distribution function

For n independent and identically distributed discrete random variables X < sub > 1 </ sub >, X < sub > 2 </ sub >, ..., X < sub > n </ sub > with cumulative distribution function G ( x ) and probability mass function g ( x ) the range of the X < sub > i </ sub > is the range of a sample of size n from a population with distribution function G ( x ).

Let be a random sample of size n — that is, a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables drawn from distributions of expected values given by µ and finite variances given by σ < sup > 2 </ sup >.

Assuming a uniform distribution of input signal values, the quantization noise is a uniformly distributed random signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of one quantization level, making the amplitude ratio 2 < sup > n </ sup >/ 1.

The quantum circuits used for this algorithm are custom designed for each choice of N and the random a used in f ( x ) = a < sup > x </ sup > mod N. Given N, find Q = 2 < sup > q </ sup > such that < math > N ^ 2

While a long period is not a guarantee of quality in a random number generator, short periods ( such as the 2 < sup > 32 </ sup > common in many software packages ) can be problematic .< ref > Note: 2 < sup > 19937 </ sup > is approximately 4. 3 × 10 < sup > 6001 </ sup >; this is many orders of magnitude larger than the estimated number of particles in the observable universe, which is 10 < sup > 87 </ sup >.</ ref >

* Short video on random number generators explaining random seeds and middle squares method

Familiar examples of processes modeled as stochastic time series include stock market and exchange rate fluctuations, signals such as speech, audio and video, medical data such as a patient's EKG, EEG, blood pressure or temperature, and random movement such as Brownian motion or random walks.

This particular monk had accidentally been connected to a video recorder and, in attempting to believe everything on the TV, had malfunctioned and begun to believe " all kinds of things, more or less at random ", including things like tables being hermaphrodites and God wanting a lot of money sent to a certain address.

There is a complex balance between the video quality, the quantity of the data needed to represent it ( also known as the bit rate ), the complexity of the encoding and decoding algorithms, robustness to data losses and errors, ease of editing, random access, the state of the art of compression algorithm design, end-to-end delay, and a number of other factors.

In 2007, a new form of lip sync-based music video called lip dub became popular in which a group of people are filmed lip singing in a seemingly random spot then dubbing over it in post editing with the original audio of the song.

Some locales offer games that appear to be video poker, but are actually just front-ends for random drawings similar to a slot machine.

In 1987, the Response round in the initial heats was a combination of a race between the contestants using double-odometer bicycles, and a video wall which would display random numbers of coloured blocks ; the contestants were required to press one of four coloured buttons corresponding to the highest number of blocks of any one colour being displayed.

Until the advent of computer-based random access non-linear editing systems ( NLE ) in the early 1990s " linear video editing " was simply called " video editing ".

It is a free video game with an ASCII interface in which the user ( playing the eponymous robot and represented by a number sign "< tt >#</ tt >") must find kitten ( represented by a random character ) on a field of other random characters.

In the video game Saint's Row 2, the player can choose to streak or during game play, random NPC streak as well.

Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the irides of an individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be seen from some distance.

This model was then used to look up the 100 one-second video segments, in a database of 18 million seconds of random YouTube videos, whose visual patterns most closely matched the brain activity recorded when subjects watched a new video.

There also exists another storage format for AMR that is suitable for applications with more advanced demands on the storage format, like random access or synchronization with video.

Gashapon machines and their random payouts have inspired trinket-collection mini-games in many video games, most notably the Legend of Zelda series ' similarly named " Gasha Trees " in Oracle of Ages and Oracle of Seasons, and, to a much higher extent, the random figurine payout in The Minish Cap.

Like many role-playing video games, the game has a battle mode and an adventure mode-within the adventure mode, the character might be in the overworld map or a dungeon ( in which case the player will meet with random encounters ), or in a town ( in which case random encounters do not occur ).

While exploring the wilderness, the player will encounter random battles, much like those of a role-playing video game.

The bubbles that pop up in each video generally appear about every 10 – 15 seconds ; their content is divided between information about the recording artist featured, the production of the video, and random facts.