* TopicDescription: Abstract base class for Topic, ContentFilteredTopic and MultiTopic.

* Abstract class

* Abstract elementary class in mathematical logic

Object-oriented Abstract Type Hierarchy ( OATH ) is a class library for C ++ from Texas Instruments.

Abstract data types are purely theoretical entities, used ( among other things ) to simplify the description of abstract algorithms, to classify and evaluate data structures, and to formally describe the type systems of programming languages.

* The Abstract Window Toolkit, part of the Java programming language

# REDIRECT Method ( computer programming )# Abstract methods

* Abstract data type, a computer programming term

Caml ( originally an acronym for Categorical Abstract Machine Language ) is a dialect of the ML programming language family, developed at INRIA and formerly at ENS.

Abstract Syntax Tree Metamodel ( ASTM ), a modeling language for fine grained reverse engineering.

Abstract art uses a visual language of form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world.

The structure foreseen by the standards is expressed in a formal language, namely Abstract Syntax Notation One.

WS-BPEL provides a language for the specification of Executable and Abstract business processes.

*" Formal Abstract Design Tools for Games " a notable early effort to develop a common language of game design methodology.

Programming in the large generally refers to the high-level state transition interactions of a process — BPEL refers to this concept as an Abstract Process.

* Abstract state machines, based on the concept of an abstract state machine in computer science

* Abstract data type for the type of concept in general

Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the base of the heavy chain to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen specific variable region.

For these reasons, it is often considered a party of the centre-left and its base consists largely of the working class.

During 1920-50, the leaders of the Communist Party and Soviet state considered repressions as a tool for securing the normal functioning of the state system as well as preserving and strengthening positions of their social base, presented by working class, in society.

Instead it now sought to move beyond its old working class base to appeal the full spectrum of potential voters, including the middle class and professionals.

The base Celtiberian population remained in various stages of Romanisation, and local leaders were admitted into the Roman aristocratic class.

Formerly a Liberal stronghold, the industrial districts switched to Labour by 1922, with a base in the Irish Catholic working class districts.

The RN's nuclear submarine base opened for Resolution class Polaris submarines at the expanded Faslane Naval Base on the Gare Loch.

This allows the methods of the base class to be shared between its descendants or to even give each of them a separate copy of the base class.

That algorithm enforces two constraints: children precede their parents and if a class inherits from multiple classes, they are kept in the order specified in the tuple of base classes ( however in this case, some classes high in the inheritance graph may precede classes lower in the graph ).

Languages that allow only single inheritance, where a class can only derive from one base class, do not have the diamond problem.

Russia under Peter I ( Peter the Great ) attempted to pursue mercantilism, but had little success because of Russia's lack of a large merchant class or an industrial base.

After World War I, Sanger shifted away from radical politics, and she founded the American Birth Control League ( ABCL ) in 1921 to enlarge her base of supporters to include the middle class.

Polymorphism is only concerned with the application of specific implementations to an interface or a more generic base class.

Ellen Willis hypothesized in 1984 that this was, at least in part, because " most black and working-class women could not accept the abstraction of feminist issues from race and class issues "; the resulting narrow demographic base, in turn, limited the validity of generalizations based on radical feminists ' personal experiences of gender relations.

* Rogue ( Dungeons & Dragons ) or thief, a base character class in Dungeons & Dragons

* The theory of aggravation of the class struggle along with the development of socialism, a theoretical base supporting the repression of political opponents as necessary.

Levin argues that when King returned to politics in 1919, he was a rusty outsider with a weak base facing a nation bitterly split by language, regionalism and class.

The Club draws its supporter base from this traditionally working class area and plays its home matches at Docklands Stadium in the Melbourne Docklands area, also in the city's inner-west.

The node is an abstract base class, and derivatives can either be leaves ( singular ), or collections of other nodes ( which in turn can contain leaves or collection-nodes ).

Some programming languages allow other notations, such as hexadecimal ( base 16 ) or octal ( base 8 ).

Further up the development chain there are network effects as well in language back-end base platforms ( JVM, CLR, LLVM ), programming models ( FP, OOP ) and languages themselves.

The GObject object-oriented programming framework implements reference counting on its base types, including weak references.

The code base of a programming project is the larger collection of all the source code of all the computer programs which make up the project.

Thanks to the Internet, the station has a worldwide listener base, and features programming consisting mostly of an eclectic blend of music styles ( e. g., singer-songwriter, folk, acoustic, alt-country, blues, Celtic, jazz, etc.

( In standard dynamic programming, the score of each amino acid position is independent of the identity of its neighbors, and therefore base stacking effects are not taken into account.

ACL2's base theory axiomatizes the semantics of its programming language and its built-in functions.

As additional movie-oriented channels launched on cable, Cinemax's programming philosophy began to change to try and maintain its subscriber base.

Following the merger the studios were leased to Yorkshire Television in 1967 for recording pre-launch programming whilst their own studios were being constructed and in 1970 was sold to Manchester Polytechic and was the base for their theatre and television school.

PICs are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial programming ( and re-programming with flash memory ) capability.

However, none of these alternative standards has been as widely adopted as Unicode, which is now the base character set for many new standards and protocols, and is built into the architecture of operating systems ( Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and many Unix-like systems ), programming languages ( Perl, Python, C #, Java, Common LISP, APL ), and libraries ( IBM International Components for Unicode ( ICU ) along with the Pango, Graphite, Scribe, Uniscribe, and ATSUI rendering engines ), font formats ( TrueType and OpenType ) and so on.

The fragile base class problem is a fundamental architectural problem of object-oriented programming systems where base classes ( superclasses ) are considered " fragile " because seemingly safe modifications to a base class, when inherited by the derived classes, may cause the derived classes to malfunction.

In the C programming language, we can write the above as < tt >*( base + i )</ tt > ( pointer form ) or base ( array indexing form ), which is exactly equivalent because the C standard defines the array indexing form as a transformation to pointer form.

Typed lambda calculi are foundational programming languages and are the base of typed functional programming languages such as ML and Haskell and, more indirectly, typed imperative programming languages.

SI Games kept the base code, the game database and programming of the game, whilst Eidos kept the name " Championship Manager " and its interface.

In 1997, the show generated a new fan base, when Fox's children's programming block Fox Kids aired the series.

The programming language A ++ is a demonstration that, based on ARS, programming patterns can be developed that are very powerful, providing a solid base for solving common programming problems.