Postmodernism has also been associated with the rejection of enlightenment conceptions of the human subject by thinkers such as Michel Foucault, Claude Lévi-Strauss and, to a lesser extent, in Louis Althusser's attempt to reconcile Marxism with anti-humanism.

During the late 1970s and 1980s, Hirst became a critic of Althusser's brand of Marxism.

Many of Althusser's students broke with structural Marxism in the late 1960s and 1970s.

Kolakowski further argued that, despite Althusser's claims of scientific rigor, structural Marxism was unfalsifiable and thus unscientific, and was best understood as a quasi-religious ideology.

For this reason, Althusser's " anti-humanism " and Foucault's statements were criticized, by Jürgen Habermas and others, for misunderstanding that this led to a fatalist conception of social determinism.

In Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, for example, the structural order of " the Symbolic " is distinguished both from " the Real " and " the Imaginary "; similarly, in Althusser's Marxist theory, the structural order of the capitalist mode of production is distinct both from the actual, real agents involved in its relations and from the ideological forms in which those relations are understood.

Rancière contributed to the influential volume Reading Capital ( though his contribution is not contained in the partial English translation ) before publicly breaking with Althusser over his attitude toward the May 1968 student uprising in Paris ; Rancière felt Althusser's theoretical stance didn't leave enough room for spontaneous popular uprising.

Althusser's theory is interesting insofar as, contrary to Kuhn, it does not consider various paradigms to be incommensurable between themselves.

" Unlike Althusser's concept of agents as " bearers " of structures, structuration theory sees them as active participants.

Thus, for Althusser's reiterating of Marxist thought, overdetermination is what " determinant contradictions ", or capital-economic incongruities ( i. e., abstract labour resulting in " isolation " -- the class struggle ), which are analogous to Freud's " potent thoughts ", apply to instances that are more really, slight, understandable.

E. P. Thompson famously engaged Althusser in The Poverty of Theory, arguing that Althusser's theory overdetermined history, and left no space for historical revolt by the oppressed.

Althusser's argument here strongly draws from Jacques Lacan's concept of the mirror stage.

Althusser's concept has been roundly confused over the last decades with concepts and thinking associated with Michel Foucault, in part because both thinkers manifest an antihumanist insistence on the secondary status of the subject as mere effect of social relations and not vice versa.

Interpellation, Althusser's idea based on Lacan, specifically involves the moment and process of recognition of interaction with the ideology at hand.

: I will argue that the whole of Althusser's theory is made up of the following elements: 1. common sense banalities expressed with the help of unnecessarily complicated neologisms ; 2. traditional Marxist concepts that are vague and ambiguous in Marx himself ( or in Engels ) and which remain, after Althusser's explanation, exactly as vague and ambiguous as they were before ; 3. some striking historical inexactitudes.

In 1861, he struck gold with Problematische Naturen ( 1860 – 1861 ; English translation “ Problematic Characters ,” by Prof. Schele de Vere, New York, 1869 ); it was followed a year later by a sequel, Durch Nacht zum Licht ( English translation, “ Through Night to Light ,” by Prof. Schele de Vere, New York, 1869 ), then by Die von Hohenstein ( 1863 ; English translation, “ The Hohensteins ,” by Prof. Schele de Vere, 1870 ), In Reih ' und Glied ( 1866 ), Hammer und Amboß ( 1869 ; English translation, “ Hammer and Anvil ,” by William Hand Browne, 1873 ), Deutsche Pioniere ( 1870 ), Allzeit voran ( 1872 ), Was die Schwalbe sang ( 1873 ; English translation, “ What the Swallow Sang ,” 1873 ), Ultimo ( 1874 ), Liebe für Liebe ( a drama, which has was produced in Leipzig ; 1875 ), Sturmflut ( based on the financial crises in Berlin following the Franco-Prussian War ; 1876 ), Plattland ( 1878 ), Quisisana ( 1880 ), Angela ( 1881 ), Uhlenhans ( 1884 ), Ein neuer Pharao ( 1889 ), Faustulus ( 1897 ) and Freigeboren ( 1900 ) among many others.

* An Interactional Reconceptualization of " Flaming " and Other Problematic Messages, by Patrick B. O ' Sullivan and Andrew J. Flanagin

* Mark Jarzombek, “ The Structural Problematic of Leon Battista Alberti's De pictura ”, Renaissance Studies 4 / 3 ( September 1990 ): 273 – 285.

According to the Global Competitiveness Report, the Most Problematic Factors for Doing Business is the access to finances, corruption and bureaucracy.

* Problematic property rights and contracts: whereas neoclassical theory often assumes that property rights are clearly defined and the cost of enforcing those rights by the mean of courts is negligible, TCE treats property rights and contracts as problematic.

Problematic use of Section 44 powers has not been restricted to political protestors ; according to reports, journalists, amateur and professional photographers, trainspotters, politicians and children have been subject to stop and search under suspicion of being involved in terrorist activities while engaged in lawful acts such as photography.

Stevenson, Alvarez, and Egerton continued to tour and record with both bands, eventually releasing All's critically acclaimed 1998 album Mass Nerder, 2000 ’ s Problematic, and the 2001 Descendents / All live split Live Plus One.

" Problematic Dichotomies: Narrative and Spectacle in Film and Advertising Scholarship ", Journal of Popular Narrative Media, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, Vol.

Plenitude Restored, Or, Trompe L ' oeil: The Problematic of Fragmentation and Integration in the Prose Works of Pierre Jean Jouve and Michel Tournier.

A savage indictment of Treatise may be seen in a speech delivered by Cardew at the ‘ International Symposium on the Problematic of Today ’ s Musical Notation ’ held in Rome in October 1972, as transcribed in his highly polemical book Stockhausen Serves Imperialism ( 1974 ), available in PDF format at UBUweb.

* Willard McCarty ( submitted 2006 ) Problematic Metaphors, Humanist Discussion Group, Vol.

Problematic relations with Nepal led to Gurkha invasions of Tibet, sent by Bahadur Shah, the Regent of Nepal, in 1788 and again in 1791, when Shigatse was occupied and the great Tashilhunpo Monastery, the then seat of the Panchen Lamas, sacked and destroyed.

Problematic, failure to '$' could introduce unintended numerical inaccuracy.

ISBN 0-521-81843-5, especially chapter 2, " The Problematic Hero: Aeschylus ' Myrmidons ", pages 22 – 57.

In recognition of her scholarship, she also received two awards from the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association: the Outstanding Contribution Award ( 1990 ) and the John Porter Award for her book " The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology.

All also released Problematic in 2000 and Live Plus One in 2001, a double live album that included a Descendents disc recorded in 1996.

The Problematic of Reading and the Tools Of Interpretation ( Ishkālīyāt al-Qirā ’ ah wa-Āliyāt al-Ta ' wīl ), Beirut and Casablanca 1995, 5th edition 1999.

* Art & Language ( Atkinson, Terry / Baldwin, Michael / Pilkington, Philip / Rushton, David ): Introduction to a Partial Problematic.

The very first song recorded by Five Star from 1983, " Problematic ", was released digitally on 18 July 2011, along with a previously unreleased track called " It ", which is an outtake from the Heart And Soul album sessions from 1995.

Problematic exposure is known to occur among workers who handle chromate-containing products as well as those who perform welding, grinding, or brazing on stainless steel.

Woods served two combat tours during the Vietnam War, the first as an infantry officer, and the second with the elite United States Army Special Forces .< ref name = ContemporaryAuthors > Gale Biography In Context.

* Historical Context of the Iran-Iraq War from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

* Roy, Kaushik, " Military Loyalty in the Colonial Context: A Case Study of the Indian Army during World War II ," Journal of Military History ( 2009 ) 73 # 2 pp 144-172 online

William Wallace Atterbury ( January 31, 1866 – September 20, 1935 )< ref name = AmericanBiography > Gale Biography In Context .</ ref > was an American Brigadier General during World War I.

During the one-off gig, the band played a set of their hits (" Oh War !," " The Party ," " Waterline ," " Let Go The Line ," " Toronto Tontos ," " Diamonds Diamonds ," " High Class In Borrowed Shoes ," " A Million Vacations ," " In Context Of The Moon ," " Paradise Skies ," Charmonium " and " Battle Scar ," with " Hangover " as an encore ).

The document, Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in the Context of a Global Public Authority was very specific, calling for taxation measures on financial transactions.