During this time, he lived at the Seleucid court, where he acted as military adviser to Antiochus III in his war against Rome.

* 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.

It was in Larissa that Philip V of Macedon signed in 197 BC a treaty with the Romans after his defeat at Cynoscephalae, and it was there also that Antiochus III, the Great, won a great victory, 192 BC.

With the end of the Macedonian wars – which ran concurrently with the Punic Wars – and the defeat of the Seleucid King Antiochus III the Great in the Roman – Syrian War ( Treaty of Apamea, 188 BC ) in the eastern sea, Rome emerged as the dominant Mediterranean power and one of the most powerful cities in classical antiquity.

Antiochus III the Great and Philip V of Macedon had made a pact to divide Egypt's overseas possessions.

Towards the end of Antiochus II's reign, various provinces simultaneously asserted their independence, such as Bactria under Diodotus, Parthia under Arsaces, and Cappadocia under Ariarathes III.

Seleucus II was soon dramatically defeated in the Third Syrian War against Ptolemy III of Egypt and then had to fight a civil war against his own brother Antiochus Hierax.

Silver coin of Antiochus III the Great.

A revival would begin when Seleucus II's younger son, Antiochus III the Great, took the throne in 223 BC.

The reduced empire ( titled: Syria, Kingdom of the Seleucids ) and the expanded states of Pergamum and Rhodes, after the defeat of Antiochus III by Rome.

A Comprehensive Catalogue, Part I, Seleucus I through Antiochus III, With Metrological Tables by B. Kritt, I-II, New York-Lancaster-London, 2002.

* Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD

** Molon, general of the Seleucid king Antiochus III who has rebelled against his rule

** Hermeias, the favourite and chief minister of the Seleucid king Seleucus III and, for a short time, chief minister to Antiochus III

* Antiochus III the Great, younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire ( d. 187 BC )

* Negotiations between the new Egyptian King Ptolemy IV and the Seleucid King Antiochus III collapse, and Antiochus III renews his advance, overrunning Ptolemy's forward defences.

Antiochus III gains territory in Lebanon, Palestine and Phoenicia.

* During this period of confusion and change amongst Egypt ’ s leadership, armies under the Seleucid king, Antiochus III, make serious inroads into the Egyptian territories in Coele Syria.

* Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD

Diodotus and his successors were able to maintain themselves against the attacks of the Seleucids — particularly from Antiochus III the Great, who was ultimately defeated by the Romans ( 190 BC ).

On defeating Antiochus III in 188 the Romans gave Lycia to Rhodes for 20 years, taking it back in 168 BC.

Popillius, however, draws a circle in the earth ( i. e. " a line in the sand ") around the king with his walking stick and demands an unequivocal answer before Antiochus leaves the circle.

* Antiochus II leaves Berenice in order to live again with his former wife Laodice and his son Seleucus.

When he returned to the west in 205 BC, Antiochus found that with the death of Ptolemy IV, the situation now looked propitious for another western campaign.

Following his erstwhile ally Philip's defeat by Rome in 197 BC, Antiochus saw the opportunity for expansion into Greece itself.

There, although the time he spent in administrative duties slowed the flow of paintings from his brush, he executed Antiochus and Stratonice ( executed for Louis-Philippe, duc d ' Orléans ), Portrait of Luigi Cherubini, and the Odalisque with Slave, among other works.

** Lysias or Lusias, Seleucid general and governor of Syria and regent for Antiochus V Eupator

* Because of his administrative and constitutional reforms in Carthage, Hannibal becomes unpopular with an important faction of the Carthaginian nobility and he is denounced to the Romans for inciting the Seleucid king Antiochus III to take up arms against the Romans.

In the peace agreement ( the Peace of Lysimachia ), Antiochus III formally takes possession of southern Syria, which has been fought over for 100 years by the Ptolemies and Seleucids, and also takes possession of the Egyptian territories in Anatolia.

* Eumenes II of Pergamum appeals to Rome for help against the Seleucid king Antiochus III who is threatening to conquer Greece.

Antiochus does not accept that Flamininus has the authority to speak for the Greeks and only promises to leave Greece alone only if the Romans do the same.

When the Aetolians call on Antiochus III for aid, Flamininus persuades the Achaean League to declare war on both parties.

* The defeat of Antiochus III by the Romans in the Battle of Magnesia robs the Aetolian League of its principal foreign ally and makes it impossible for them to stand alone in continued opposition to Rome.

* Antiochus III's sister arranges for the removal of Armenia's king Xerxes, whom she has recently married.

* Hermeias, the favourite and chief minister of the Seleucid king Seleucus III and, for a short time, chief minister to Antiochus III

* With the aid of the Greek statesman and historian Polybius, the son of the former Seleucid king Seleucus IV Philopator, Demetrius escapes from Rome, where he has been held as a hostage for many years, and returns to Syria to claim the throne from his nephew Antiochus V. In the resulting dispute, Antiochus V and his regent, Lysias, are overthrown and put to death.

* Lysias or Lusias, Seleucid general and governor of Syria and regent for Antiochus V Eupator

* In the turmoil following the death of Antiochus IV, the governor of Media, Timarchus becomes the independent ruler of Media, opposing Lysias who is acting as regent for young king Antiochus V Eupator.

The regent for the boy is the late king's chancellor, Lysias, who has been left in charge of Syria when Antiochus IV departed for his campaign in Persia.

Antiochus, taken by surprise, asks for time to consider.

Menelaus takes this opportunity to " outbid " Jason for the priesthood, resulting in Antiochus IV confirming Menelaus as the High Priest.

* King Seleucus IV of Syria arranges for the exchange of his brother Antiochus for Demetrius, the son of Seleucus VI, who has been a hostage in Rome following the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC.