Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and / or bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances.

In India, the seeds are used as a carminative and stimulant to ease bowel and indigestion problems, and are given to treat intestinal worms, nerve defects, to reduce flatulence, and induce sweating.

The fundamental difference between IBS and CFAP is that in CFAP, unlike in IBS, there is no change in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea.

This mucilage, also known as Psyllium, is commonly sold as Isabgol, a laxative which is used to control irregular bowel syndrome and constipation.

The day before the colonoscopy, the patient is either given a laxative preparation ( such as Picosalax, Bisacodyl, phospho soda, sodium picosulfate, or sodium phosphate and / or magnesium citrate ) and large quantities of fluid, or whole bowel irrigation is performed using a solution of polyethylene glycol and electrolytes.

Often, the procedure involves both a pill-form laxative and a bowel irrigation preparation with the polyethylene glycol powder dissolved into any clear liquid, preferably a sports drink which contain electrolytes.

Pancreatic insufficiency, short bowel syndrome, Whipple's disease, coeliac disease, and laxative abuse should also be considered.

Preparations that lower stool pH ( such as lactulose, a laxative ) will possibly affect the binding of mesalazine in the bowel and will therefore reduce its efficacy.

Inflammatory bowel diseases were described by Giovanni Battista Morgagni ( 1682 – 1771 ) and by Scottish physician T. Kennedy Dalziel in 1913.

Once this has been achieved, loss of control causing fecal incontinence may be caused by physical injury – such as damage to the anal sphincter that may result from an episiotomy, intense fright, excessive pressure placed upon the abdomen, inflammatory bowel disease, impaired water absorption in the colon ( diarrhea ), and psychological or neurological factors.

Chronic stress is defined as a " state of prolonged tension from internal or external stressors, which may cause various physical manifestations – e. g., asthma, back pain, arrhythmias, fatigue, headaches, HTN, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcers, and suppress the immune system ".

By the age of two years, a child will usually have 1 – 2 bowel movements per day and by four years of age, a child will have one bowel movement per day.

* Fussiness peaks at about 6 weeks and reliably ends by 3 – 4 months, yet infants continue to experience plenty of burps, flatus, bowel movements, etc.

As with other medicinal opioids, iatrogenic addiction is uncommon although physical dependence secondary to treatment of a functional bowel disorder with diphenoxylate for more than 45 – 90 days may very well occur ; it typically requires the use of high doses to impart a morbid seek orientation for the drug in the user.

Robert Winston, a pioneer of in-vitro fertilization, told London's Sunday Times that " male pregnancy would certainly be possible " by having an embryo implanted in a man's abdomen – with the placenta attached to an internal organ such as the bowel – and later delivered by Caesarean section.

* Andrew Wakefield – ( born 1957 ) is a British former surgeon and medical researcher, known as an advocate for the discredited claim that there is a link between the MMR vaccine | measles, mumps and rubella ( MMR ) vaccine, autism and bowel disease, and for his fraudulent 1998 research paper in support of that claim.

* Inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) – a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine.

Bleeding, infections, bowel obstructions and organ perforations are the main problems they deal with.

Diarrhea is the main symptom of short bowel syndrome, however other symptoms may include cramping, bloating, and heartburn.

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the main types of inflammatory bowel disease, and may mimic each other to great extent, but differ somewhat in etiology and pathophysiology:

Such complications are suggested to be the main reason for mortality in people requiring long-term total parenteral nutrition, such as in short bowel syndrome.

In Norcia and other parts of Umbria, pig's bowels are also cured with herbs, chili peppers, and spices, then dried and smoked to make a tough, spicy sausage in which the bowel, instead of serving only as the usual casing, is the main ingredient.

His main return to the public eye came in the 1980s when he fought and won his battle with bowel cancer, which lasted 14 years.

The main cause for lengthy recovery periods in patients is the time taken for the infants ' bowel function to return to normal.

His main research interests were in the development of drugs for the control of gastric acid secretion, and the pathogenesis and management of inflammatory bowel disease.

Furthermore Virtual Colonoscopy performed with CT exposes the patient to ionizing radiation, however some research has demonstrated that ultra-low dose VC can be just as effective in demonstrating colon and bowel disease due to the great difference in x-ray absorption between air and the tissue comprising the inner wall of the colon.

Medicinal liquid paraffin is used to aid bowel movement in persons suffering chronic constipation ; it passes through the gastrointestinal tract without itself being taken into the body, but it limits the amount of water removed from the stool.

In another preliminary research example, curcumin is being studied for whether it alters the response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced bowel cancer, as found in a laboratory study.

CT VC is increasingly being used in the UK as a diagnostic test for bowel cancer and can negate the need for a colonoscopy.

According to this paradigm, the primary force driving an addicts predicament is what Trimpey calls the " addictive voice ", which can physiologically be understood as being related to the parts of the human brain that control our core survival functions such as hunger, sex, and bowel control.

* Acupuncture is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease in China, and is being used more frequently in Western society.

Crohn's disease has a bimodal distribution in incidence as a function of age: the disease tends to strike people in their teens and 20s, and people in their 50s through to their 70s, and ages in between due to not being diagnosed with Crohn's and being diagnosed instead with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ).

In certain countries, such as the United States, customary enema usage went well into the 20th century ; it was thought a good idea to cleanse the bowel in case of fever ; also, pregnant women were given enemas prior to labor, supposedly to reduce the risk of feces being passed during contractions.

The National Institute of Health issued a report stating: Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants seem to promote global well being in some patients with irritable bowel syndrome and, possibly, some improvement in abdominal pain and bowel symptoms, but this effect appears to be independent of improved depression.

In newborn infants with short bowel syndrome with less than 10 % of expected intestinal length, thereby being dependent upon total parenteral nutrition, 5 year survival is approximately 20 %.

Her later attempts at dating fared no better, and have in fact become worse ( her last two attempts being a sufferer of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) and the homicidal maniac himself ).

The first being in 1969 in Carry on Again Doctor, where he appeared for just three minutes playing an outpatient suffering from a bowel complaint.

In the U. S., it is currently being used in a TV ad for Zelnorm, a prescription medication for female irritable bowel syndrome.

This is often followed by bacterial cystitis, frequently by coliform bacteria being transferred from the bowel through the urethra into the bladder.

* Heineke-Mikulicz strictureplasty: one of two procedures commonly employed to relieve fibrotic strictures of the small bowel, the other being Finney strictureplasty.

The patient being studied should undergo a provocative maneuver, such as Valsalva's maneuver ( straining, like he is trying to have a bowel movement ) or standing up during the exam, both of which are designed to increase intra-abdominal venous pressure and increase the dilatation of the veins.

In other cases, however, infection can lead to small bowel obstruction, which may require surgery, although there are case reports of treatment with albendazole alone ( avoiding surgery ) being successful.

It is currently being researched for its effectiveness in irritable bowel syndrome.