The second reagent is an antibody which specifically chemically reacts with the target substance.

The usefulness of this reagent in quantitative determination is the formation of a red colouration ( peaking at 580 nm wavelength ) when chromotropic acid in 75 % sulfuric acid reacts with formaldehyde.

An important variant is kinetic resolution, in which a pre-existing chiral center undergoes reaction with a chiral catalyst, an enzyme or a chiral reagent such that one enantiomer reacts faster than the other and leaves behind the less reactive enantiomer, or in which a pre-existing chiral center influences the reactivity of a reaction center elsewhere in the same molecule.

The limiting reagent must be identified in order to calculate the percentage yield of a reaction, since the theoretical yield is defined as the amount of product obtained when the limiting reagent reacts completely.

In one system a carbenoid chloroalkyllithium reagent is prepared in situ from a sulfoxide and t-BuLi which reacts the boronic ester to give an ate complex.

A sample is treated with the Grignard reagent, methylmagnesium iodide, which reacts with any acidic hydrogen atom to form methane.

Liter quantities of Mallinckrodt, low sulfur, reagent grade carbon tetrachloride were saturated with Af and Af and illuminated for about 50 hours with a 1000 watt tungsten lamp at a distance of a few inches.

When discussing the relative reducing power of two redox agents, the couple for generating the more reducing species is said to be more " cathodic " with respect to the more easily reduced reagent.

Ketones may be distinguished from aldehydes by giving a negative result with Tollens ' reagent or with the Fehling's solution.

If one reagent is a weak acid or base and the other is a strong acid or base, the titration curve is irregular and the pH shifts less with small additions of titrant near the equivalence point.

In this test, an aldehyde is treated with Tollens ' reagent, which is prepared by adding a drop of sodium hydroxide solution into silver nitrate solution to give a precipitate of silver ( I ) oxide, and then adding just enough dilute ammonia solution to redissolve the precipitate in aqueous ammonia to produce < sup >+</ sup > complex.

In the Grignard reaction, a Grignard reagent adds to the group, eventually yielding an alcohol with a substituted group from the Grignard reagent.

That perception might be either with the unaided human sense or with the aid of an instrument, e. g., microscope or stethoscope, or by other scientific means, e. g., a chemical reagent which changes color in the presence of a particular substance.

The technique essentially requires any ligating reagent that can be immobilized on the solid phase along with a detection reagent that will bind specifically and use an enzyme to generate a signal that can be properly quantified.

Cupramonium rayon has properties similar to viscose but during production, the cellulose is combined with copper and ammonia ( Schweizer's reagent ).

Peripheral proteins dissociate following treatment with a polar reagent, such as a solution with an elevated pH or high salt concentrations.

The common disaccharides lactose and maltose are directly detected by Benedict's reagent, because each contains a glucose with a free reducing aldehyde moiety, after isomerization.

Sucrose is thus a non-reducing sugar which does not react with Benedict's reagent.

Sucrose indirectly produces a positive result with Benedict's reagent if heated with dilute hydrochloric acid prior to the test, although after this treatment it is no longer sucrose.

Starches do not react or react very poorly with Benedict's reagent, due to the relatively small number of reducing sugar moieties, which occur only at the ends of carbohydrate chains.

The colour change varies with the reagent used.

The first such systems were described by Robert H. Grubbs in 1986 based on norbornene and Tebbe's reagent and in 1978 Grubbs together with Richard R. Schrock describing living polymerization with a tungsten carbene complex.

While a chemical change does occur during the extraction of the sulfur dioxide from the gas mixture, it is the case that the extraction equilibrium is shifted by changing the temperature rather than by the use of a chemical reagent.

The Simmons – Smith reagent, namely diiodomethane and diethylzinc, can react with allylic thioethers to generate sulfur ylides, which can subsequently undergo a 2, 3-sigmatropic rearrangement, and will not cyclopropanate an alkene in the same molecule unless excess Simmons – Smith reagent is used:

: An example of the use of the Simmons – Smith reagent to generate a sulfur ylide

The oxygen consumed by the diver is replaced, nearly always by adding gas from a cylinder, and carbon dioxide exhaled by the diver is chemically removed by passing the gas through a " scrubber " — a canister full of soda lime or similar reagent.

Other oxidizing reagents are lead tetraacetate, manganese dioxide and the Swern reagent.

Oxidation of an organic compound by Fenton ’ s reagent is rapid and exothermic ( heat-producing ) and results in the oxidation of contaminants to primarily carbon dioxide and water.

They are commonly used for reagent bottles, optical components and household cookware.

Sodium tungstate is used in Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent, a mixture of different chemicals used in the " Lowry Assay " for protein content analysis.

* A partial pressure of 101. 325 kPa ( absolute ) ( 1 atm, 1. 01325 bar ) for each gaseous reagent.

Erlenmeyers are used in chemistry labs for titration, e. g. for pH, as they can be held and the contents mixed single-handed leaving the other hand free to add reagent.

Borosilicate glasses are often used because they are less subject to thermal stress and are common for reagent bottles.

* Rapid plasma reagent ( RPR ) which screens for syphilis

It is used to dispense known amounts of a liquid reagent in experiments for which such precision is necessary, such as in a volumetric analysis.

However, sometimes samples containing pure enantiomers may be made and sold at a higher cost in cases where the use requires specifically one isomer ( e. g., for a stereospecific reagent ); compare omeprazole and esomeprazole.

# The ogives can each be sensitized to a different reagent, allowing the simultaneous detection of different antibodies and / or different antigens for multiple-target assays.

Sodium bicarbonate can be substituted for baking powder provided sufficient acid reagent is also added to the recipe.

* PCC ( pyridinium chlorochromate ), also referred to as the Corey-Suggs reagent, and PDC ( pyridinium dichromate ): widely used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.

Benedict's reagent is used as a test for the presence of reducing sugars.

To test for the presence of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharide sugars in food, the food sample is dissolved in water, and a small amount of Benedict's reagent is added.

Benedict's reagent can be used to test for the presence of glucose in urine.

The United States Department of Justice method for producing the reagent is the addition of 100 mL of concentrated ( 95 – 98 %) sulfuric acid to 5 mL of 40 % formaldehyde.

* Dimethylglyoxime ( dmgH < sub > 2 </ sub >) is a reagent for the analysis of nickel and a popular ligand in its own right.

Such ATP-based assays include bioluminescent assays in which ATP is the limiting reagent for the luciferase reaction.

Stanley Rossiter Benedict ( 17 March 1884 – 21 December 1936 ) is an American chemist best known for discovering Benedict's reagent, a solution that detects certain sugars.

Other common ylids include sulfonium ylides and sulfoxonium ylides, for instance the Corey-Chaykovsky reagent used in the preparation of epoxides or in the Stevens rearrangement.

Methyl triflate, for example, is a strong methylating reagent.

* Dithiothreitol, the common name for a small-molecule redox reagent known as Cleland's reagent