In several stories, he adopts disguises to gather evidence while ' under cover ' so convincing that even Watson fails to penetrate them, such as in " The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton ", " The Man with the Twisted Lip ", " The Adventure of the Empty House " and " A Scandal in Bohemia ".

While the real Romulus Augustus disappeared from history after being deposed by Goths, in the novel he escapes to Britain, where he adopts the name Pendragon and eventually sires Arthur.

He was the only child of Agrippina the Younger through her first marriage to Domitius, and through her, he was great-great grandson of the Emperor Augustus, great-grandnephew and adoptive great-grandson of the Emperor Tiberius, nephew of the Emperor Caligula, as well as great-nephew and stepson of the Emperor Claudius.

While he had never been adopted by Augustus or his successors, he was the grandson of Octavia, and so felt he had the right.

Barbara Levick notes that Augustus had named his grandson Postumus Agrippa and his stepson Tiberius as joint heirs.

Nero was more popular with the general public as the grandson of Germanicus and the direct descendant of Augustus.

He hated the fact that he was the grandson of Agrippa, and slandered Augustus by repeating a falsehood that his mother was actually the result of an incestuous relationship between Augustus and his daughter Julia the Elder.

Thus ( Gaius ) Julius Caesar adopted his sister's grandson, Gaius Octavius, who became a Julius, eventually named Imperator Caesar Augustus, normally called in English Augustus, the founder of the Empire.

Augustus banished his grandson Postumus Agrippa to the small island of Planasia ( around 6 or 7 AD ), and Tiberius was recalled to Rome and officially adopted by Augustus.

* Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus, son of Julia the Elder and grandson of Augustus ( d. AD 14 )

* Postumus Agrippa, grandson of Roman Emperor Augustus

Three notable descendants of Augustus are his grandson, the notorious anthropologist, eugenicist, anti-Semite and detainee in 1940 under Defence Regulation 18B George Pitt-Rivers, his great-grandson, the anthropologist and ethnographer, Julian A. Pitt-Rivers, and his great-great-grandson, William Fox-Pitt, the equestrian.

Clemens August ( Clementus Augustus ) was born in Brussels, the son of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria and Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska and the grandson of King John III Sobieski of Poland.

Sand's father, Maurice Dupin, was the grandson of the Marshal General of France, Maurice, Comte de Saxe, himself an illegitimate son of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and a Saxon elector, and a cousin to the sixth degree to the kings of France Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X.

* Gaius Caesar, grandson of Augustus Caesar ( d. AD 4 )

Between 2 BC – AD 2, he travelled with Gaius Caesar ( a grandson of Augustus ), as a member of his advisory staff to the troubled Eastern Mediterranean.

In Tacitus ' Annals, Livia is depicted as having great influence, to the extent where she " had the aged Augustus firmly under control — so much so that he exiled his only surviving grandson to the island of Planasia ".

In 75 BC, C. Scribonius Curio, proconsul of Macedonia, took an army as far as the Danube and gained a victory over the inhabitants, who were finally subdued by M. Licinius Crassus, grandson of the triumvir and later also proconsul of Macedonia during the reign of Augustus c. 29 BC.

However, upon the death of Lucius and then Gaius Caesar, Augustus finally decided to adopt both his grandson Postumus and step-son Tiberius ( Postumus ' stepfather ) as his heirs, with Postumus first in the succession.

Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg died in Herrenhausen Castle and his grandson King George II of Great Britain was born there.

His friend Augustus J. Munson wrote, " Beverly Jefferson death deserves more than a passing notice, as he was a grandson of Thomas Jefferson ... was one of God's noblemen-gentle, kind, courteous, charitable.

Little is known about the life Sejanus led prior to this date, but according to Tacitus, he accompanied Gaius Caesar, adopted grandson of Augustus, during his campaigns in Armenia in 1 BC.

The death of both Gaius and Lucius, the Emperor's two most favored heirs, compelled Augustus to adopt his stepson, Tiberius, and his sole remaining grandson, Postumus Agrippa as his new respective heirs.

Born into an old, wealthy equestrian branch of the Plebeian Octavii family, Augustus was adopted posthumously by his maternal great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC following Caesar's assassination.

* 43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later known as Augustus, compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul.

His maternal grandparents were Mark Antony and Octavia Minor, Augustus ' sister, and therefore the great-great grandnephew of Gaius Julius Caesar.

* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.

The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula ( also known as Gaius ), Claudius, and Nero, or the family to which they belonged ; they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century ( 44 / 31 / 27 ) BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

Gaius and Lucius, the first two children of Julia and Agrippa, were adopted by Augustus and became heirs to the throne ; however, Augustus also showed great favor toward his wife Livia's two children from her first marriage: Drusus and Tiberius.

After the early deaths of both Lucius ( 2 AD ) and Gaius ( 4 AD ), Augustus was forced to recognize Tiberius as the next Roman emperor.

Thus, on the death of Tiberius, his adopted son, Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, ascended to the throne.

Romans scored other victories with proconsul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus and Gaius Marius ( elected in 113 BC ), but still the Lusitani resisted with a long guerilla war ; they later joined Sertorius ' ( a renegade Roman General ) troops ( around 80 BC ) and were finally defeated by Augustus ( around 28-24 BC ).

* 43 BC – The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (" Octavian ", later " Caesar Augustus "), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony is formed.

Nero's father had been employed as a praetor and was a member of Caligula's staff when the latter traveled to the East ( some apparently think Suetonius refers to Augustus ' adopted son Gaius Caesar here, but this is not likely ).

* Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( Caligula ) and Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo become Roman consuls.

* Gaius Octavius, father of Caesar Augustus ( b. c. 100 BC )

* Emperor Augustus sent his stepson Gaius Caesar as army commander to the East and made a peace treaty with Phraates V on an island in the river Euphrates.

* September 23 – Gaius Octavius Thurinus ( Augustus ), first Roman Emperor ( d. AD 14 )

* Gaius Asinius Gallus Saloninus, consul under Caesar Augustus ( d. AD 33 )

Claudia Marcella, Messalina's paternal grandmother, was the daughter of Augustus ' sister Octavia the Younger by her marriage to Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor.

After Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, she aligned with Mark Antony in opposition to Caesar's legal heir, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ( later known as Augustus ).