Both the Rana dynasty and Shah dynasty are Rajput caste in the Hindu tradition, in contrast with the native Himalayan culture which is largely Buddhist and Bön.

Samsāra or Sangsāra ( Sanskrit: स ं स ा र ) ( in Tibetan called " khorwa "), literally meaning " continuous flow ", is the repeating cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth ( reincarnation ) within Hinduism, Buddhism, Bön, Jainism, Yoga and Sikhism.

According to Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen ( Rdzogs chen or Atiyoga ) is the natural, primordial state or natural condition of the mind, and a body of teachings and meditation practices aimed at realizing that condition.

However, the Buddhist or Bön traditional framework is never negated.

Bon or Bön ( ) is a branch of Tibetan Vajrayana.

Bön ( Tibetan: བ ོ ན ་; called 苯教, Benjiao by the Chinese ) is the oldest spiritual tradition of Tibet, dominant before the introduction of Buddhism.

It is considered a sacred place in four religions: Bön, Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism.

It is said that Milarepa ( c. 1052-c. 1135 CE ), champion of Tantric Buddhism, arrived in Tibet to challenge Naro Bön-chung, champion of the Bön religion of Tibet.

Prior to Bön influence, it is suggested that the original priests were the female Llü-bu.

Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion.

Near the Black Temple there are two houses near a sacred oak tree where the local deity once appeared as a winged creature, scaring the local people ( the valley is divided into a number of areas, each under the influence of a particular local deity predating the arrival of Buddhism — see Bön religion ).

The indigenous shamanistic religion of the Himalayas is known as Bön.

Similar teachings are also found in the non-Buddhist Bön tradition, where it is also given the nomenclature " Dzogchen " and in one evocation the ninth in a nine vehicle system.

Vajrayana Buddhism, Bön and Tantra in general, utilize sophisticated visualization or imaginal ( in the language of Jean Houston of Transpersonal Psychology ) processes in the thoughtform construction of the yidam sadhana, kye-rim, and dzog-rim modes of meditation and in the yantra, thangka, and mandala traditions, where holding the fully realized form in the mind is a prerequisite prior to creating an ' authentic ' new art work that will provide a sacred support or foundation for deity.

In early Bön sources, Phrom-kesar is always a place name, and never refers, as it does later, to a ruler.

The oral tradition of this epic is most prominent in the two remote areas associated with the ancient Bönpo ( Ladakh and Zanskar in the far west of Tibet, and Kham and Amdo regions of eastern Tibet ), strongly suggesting that the story has Bön roots.

This religion shares aspects of the Tibetan Bön religion, and is often referred to as " Bön ," however there exist significant distinctions between Gurung Dharma and Bön proper.

Pre-Buddhist Bön and Shamanist influence is also evident.

Hinduism is the main religions in the district followed by Tibetan Buddhism, although Bön is also practised.

Dabla, one of the major Bön deities, is greatly revered by the Kinners in the area.

Showing respect to Lha and Lhu ( Bön gods ) is customary during many village rituals.

He also reported that followers of the Bön religion once believed the blood of the " mi rgod " or " wild man " had use in certain mystical ceremonies.

Bön lamas are believed to have settled among the Nakhi as farmers, and to have begun to practise exorcisms as a way of earning a little money on the side ; they were thus in competition with the native ritual specialists, locally known as Llü-bu, or Ssan-nyi.

The Dongba, also known as wise men, are believed to be the priests of the Bön religion.

Tengri may have been synonymous with Tian in Chinese traditions as well as a possible fore-runner to pre-Buddhist Tibetan Bön, also having their tradition root from Siberia, once sect ranging from monotheism, again branches off into animism, causing an ill-defined complex systematized religion.

Historians have traced origins to a Bön shaman from eastern Tibet named Dongba Shilo, who lived in a cave near Baishuitai 900 years ago.

Bönpos are considered to have settled among the Nakhis spreading their religion ; Dongbaism eventually originated by the combination of Bön with Nakhi native beliefs.

Tertön are also prevalent in Bön and a few tertön have been Kagyu.

Nyingma scriptures were updated by terma discoveries, and terma teachings have guided many Buddhist and Bön practitioners.

From the time of his residence in Italy, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu focused his research mainly on the ancient history of Tibet investigating thoroughly the autochthonous Bön tradition.

His books, which include works on history, Tibetan medicine, astrology, Bön and folk traditions such as namkha, are evidence of his profound knowledge of Tibetan culture and his commitment to preserve this ancient cultural heritage.

In Bön or ancient Tibetan philosophy, the five elemental processes of earth, water, fire, air and space are the essential materials of all existent phenomena or aggregates.

In Bön the elemental processes are fundamental metaphors for working with external, internal and secret energetic forces.

Bön monasteries exist today, and the monks there practice Bön-Buddhism.

The people of Monyul practiced the shamanistic Bön religion, which emphasized worship of nature and the existence of good and evil spirits.

The use of the swastika by the Bön faith of Tibet, as well as later syncretic religions, such as Cao Dai of Vietnam and Falun Gong of China, can also be traced to Buddhist influence.

Bön, the country's animist and shamanistic belief system, revolves around the worship of nature and predates Buddhism.

* Tibetan Buddhism & Bön: yang ( g. yang )

The Dzogchen teachings are the highest of the nine yana, ( Tibetan theg pa, vehicle ) of the Nyingma ( Wylie: rnying ma ) school of Tibetan Buddhism and the Tibetan Bön ( Wylie: bon ) tradition.

Although Dzogchen cannot be separated by the Buddhist or Bön tradition, very often teachers emphasize the non religious character of Dzogchen.

Drung, Deu and Bön: Narrations, Symbolic languages and the Bön tradition in ancient Tibet.

The 2001 Nepal Census recorded 154, 622 Sherpas in that country, of which 92. 83 % were Buddhists, 6. 26 % were Hindus, 0. 63 % were Christians and 0. 20 % were Bön.

The Nyingma and Bön traditions practise Dzogchen, a cognate but distinct method of direct introduction to the empty nature of mind.