Extracting Baltic amber from Holocene deposits, Gdansk, Poland

Pliny is presenting an archaic view, as in his time amber was a precious stone brought from the Baltic at great expense, but the Germans, he says, use it for firewood, according to Pytheas.

Baltic amber yields on dry distillation succinic acid, the proportion varying from about 3 % to 8 %, and being greatest in the pale opaque or bony varieties.

Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by being mostly transparent and often containing a higher number of fossil inclusions.

Heinrich Göppert named the common amber-yielding pine of the Baltic forests Pinites succiniter, but as the wood does not seem to differ from that of the existing genus it has been also called Pinus succinifera.

* 1989 – Singing Revolution: two million people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stand on the Vilnius-Tallinn road, holding hands ( Baltic Way ).

Around 890, Wulfstan of Hedeby undertook a journey from Hedeby on Jutland along the Baltic Sea to the Prussian trading town of Truso.

As one of the waterways and ancient highways, for centuries the road led from Europe to Asia and back, and from northern Africa to the Baltic Sea.

An important raw material, amber was transported from the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts overland by way of the Vistula and Dnieper rivers to Italy, Greece, the Black Sea, and Egypt thousands of years ago, and long after.

In Roman times, a main route ran south from the Baltic coast in through the land of the Boii ( modern Czech Republic and Slovakia ) to the head of the Adriatic Sea ( modern Gulf of Venice ).

The Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun had Baltic amber among his burial goods, and amber was sent from the North Sea to the temple of Apollo at Delphi as an offering.

The shortest ( and possibly oldest ) road avoids alpine areas and led from the Baltic coastline ( nowadays Estonia ), passed the Moravian Gate, followed the river Morava, crossed the Danube near Carnuntum in the Noricum Province, headed southwest past Poetovio, Celeia, Emona, Nauportus, and reached Aquileia at the Adriatic coast.

The Porvoo Common Statement ( 1996 ), agreed to by the Anglican churches of the British Isles and most of the Lutheran churches of Scandinavia and the Baltic, also stated that " the continuity signified in the consecration of a bishop to episcopal ministry cannot be divorced from the continuity of life and witness of the diocese to which he is called.

The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53 ° N to 66 ° N latitude and from 20 ° E to 26 ° E longitude.

On this basis, a related hypothesis holds that the name originated from this Indo-European root via a Baltic language such as Lithuanian.

Usage of Baltic and similar terms to denote the region east from the sea started only in 19th century.

The ice then extended from the north down to the northern tip of Gotland, with small ice free areas on its either side, and the east coast of the Baltic Sea was covered by an ice sheet ca.

In the recent years prior to 2011, Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea were frozen with solid ice near the Baltic coast and dense floating ice far from it.

The Baltic Sea's salinity is much lower than that of ocean water ( which averages 35 ‰), as a result of abundant freshwater runoff from the surrounding land, combined with the shallowness of the sea itself ; indeed, runoff contributes roughly one-fortieth its total volume per year, as the volume of the basin is about 21, 000 km³ and yearly runoff is about 500 km³.

The flow of fresh water into the sea from approximately two-hundred rivers and the introduction of salt from the South builds up a gradient of salinity in the Baltic Sea.

), which shows association with " day ", possibly with Day personified as a deity which, Grimm points out, would agree with the meaning " shining one, white one, a god " derived from the meaning of Baltic baltas, further adducing Slavic Belobog and German Berhta.

One reason for the late attestation is that the Baltic peoples resisted Christianization longer than any other Europeans, which delayed the introduction of writing and isolated their languages from outside influence.

* Hiden, John, The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik, Cambridge University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-521-32037-2

The University was re-opened by the Baltic Germans in Estonia in 1802.

When he was sixteen, he was sent to the University of Göttingen in Germany, where he joined the German Student Corps Curonia of the Baltic German students ; later he moved to the University of Heidelberg.

Living as a refugee in Germany, he became the Estonian chancellor of the Baltic University in Exile in the displaced persons camps.

Map to Document 5: General Plan East with bases and marches in the Baltic states, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and Crimea ( Planning of the Institute for Agriculture and Agrarian politics of the Friedrich Wilhelm University ( Berlin ).

Professor Patricia Monaghan of DePaul University also believes that she was originally derived from the Baltic thunder goddess.

The Baltic State Technical Military-Mechanical University in Saint Petersburg changed its name to the Ustinov Baltic State Technical Military-Mechanical University.

Oettingen was born at Visusti, near Dorpat, the member of a Livonian Baltic German noble family that produced many scholars, including his brothers Georg von Oettingen, professor of medicine at the University of Tartu ( then Dorpat ), and Arthur von Oettingen, professor of physique in Dorpat and Leipzig.

Vilnius University (; other names exist ) is the oldest university in the Baltic states and one of the oldest in Eastern Europe.

It is a member of the European University Association ( EUA ) and the Conference of Baltic University Rectors.

* Rainer Eckert, Professor, Director of the Institute of Baltic Studies, Greifswald University ( 1997 )

* Friedrich Scholz, Director of the Interdisciplinary Institute of Baltic Studies, Professor, Munich University ( Germany ) ( 1998 )

Established in 1919, University of Latvia is the largest university in the Baltic states.

A very original view has been provided by a Finnish historian and Helsinki University professor Matti Klinge, who has placed Kvenland / Kainuu not only in southern Finland, but around the Baltic Sea as a kind of Finnish-Swedish " maritime confederation ".

Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University in Kaliningrad claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.

Anderson was born from a Baltic German family in Minsk ( now in Belarus ), but in 1894 moved to Kazan ( Russia ), on the edge of Siberia, where his father, Nikolai Anderson ( 1845 – 1905 ), had been appointed as professor for Finno-Ugric languages at the University of Kazan.

The Riga Business School management – education founded in 1991, in a close cooperation with the State University of New York at Buffalo, ( USA ) and the University of Ottawa, ( Canada ), it was as the first higher education institution in the Baltic states which offered Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) programs in English.

He initially also trained for the priesthood and studied at the Oryol Seminary before moving to Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University in 1911, where he became fascinated with the fledgling aviation work being carried out under the shipbuilding department, Polikarpov graduated in 1916 and went to work for Igor Sikorski, the head of production at the Russian Baltic Carriage Factory.

But he continued to keep a watchful eye over the Baltic, and in 1170 destroyed another pirate stronghold, farther eastward, at Dziwnów on the isle of Wolin.

On the long-term average, the Baltic Sea is ice-covered for about 45 % of its surface area at the maximum annually.

This might mean that he sailed off from Hamburg or Bremen instead of some port in Baltic Sea, since the later account by Adam of Bremen gives the distance of Scania and Birka to be only 5 days at sea.

Failed attempts at reform, a standstill economy, and the success of United states of America against the Soviet Union's forces in the war in Afghanistan led to a general feeling of discontent, especially in the Baltic republics and Eastern Europe.

" Mayr was endlessly interested in ornithology and " chose Greifswald at the Baltic for my studies for no other reason than that ... it was situated in the ornithologically most interesting area.

* In Patrick O ' Brian's Aubrey – Maturin series, Helsingør fires mortar shells at the heroes in book seven, The Surgeon's Mate, as they sail past on their way to a rendezvous in the Baltic.

Traffic of smaller vessels at Elbląg is within the river and very marginal, while larger vessels cannot reach the open Baltic Sea because the channel, once built in East-Prussia to go through the peninsula, has belonged to Russia since 1945.

890 by Wulfstan of Hedeby, an Anglo-Saxon sailor, travelling on the south coast of the Baltic Sea at the behest of King Alfred the Great of England.

Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.

system of Finland, with the Baltic Sea at Vyborg ( Viipuri ).

Contemporary issues include problems with border controls causing persistent truck queues at the border, airspace violations, pollution of the Baltic Sea, and Russian duties on exported wood to Finland's pulp and paper industry.

On 3 April 1918, the 10, 000-strong Baltic Sea Division led by Rüdiger von der Goltz struck west of Helsinki at Hanko.

Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf.

After the Huns in the 4th century invaded the territories of the Gothic King Ermanaric, which at its peak stretched between the Danube and the Volga river, and from the Black to the Baltic Sea, thousands of Goths fled into the Balkans, defeating the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople and sacking Rome in 410, while thousands of Germans were crossing the Rhine.

Centered around their capital at the Dnieper, the Goths ruled a vast area which at its peak under the Kings Ermanaric and Athanaric stretched from the Danube to the Volga river, and from the Black to the Baltic Sea.

In this passage, Pytheas states that the " Gutones, a people of Germany ," inhabit the shores of an estuary of at least 6, 000 stadia ( the Baltic Sea ) called Mentonomon, where amber is cast up by the waves.

Prisoner labor at the construction of the White Sea – Baltic Canal, 1931 – 33

Led by Ghengis Khan, the Mongols were a group of steppe nomads that established a decentralized empire that, at its height, extended from China in the east to Black and Baltic seas in Europe.

It developed as a trading centre at the head of a narrow, navigable inlet known as the Schlei, which connects to the Baltic Sea.