Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents.

Bioterrorism is an attractive weapon because biological agents are relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain, can be easily disseminated, and can cause widespread fear and panic beyond the actual physical damage they can cause.

* Beyond Anthrax. Extremism and the Bioterrorism Threat

EBOV is a select agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen ( requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment ), National Institutes of Health / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent, and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group.

All accepted members of the family ( all ebolaviruses and marburgviruses ) are Select Agents, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens ( requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment ), National Institutes of Health / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents, and listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.

Bioterrorism: Civil Liberties Under Quarantine.

Bioterrorism is a growing focus of this practice area in some jurisdictions ; for example, public health lawyers in the United States have worked in the creation of the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act and the Model State Public Health Act.

Both viruses cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fevers and both are Select Agents, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens ( requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment ), National Institutes of Health / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents, and are listed as a Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.

Paul Rega, M. D., FACEP, and Kelly Burkholder-Allen also note, in " The ABCs of Bioterrorism " an additional advantage in decontaminating everyone found at the scene of an incident, because this will help the authorities in searching through everyone's clothes to find suspicious items:

" Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Civil Liberties.

" Rights and Dangers: Bioterrorism and the Ideolgies and Public Health.

" CDC Proposes Bioterrorism Laws.

: Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Privacy.

" The Model State Emergency Powers Act: Planning for and Response to Bioterrorism and Naturally Occurring Infectious Diseases.

* Lawrence O. Gostin and James G. Hodge, Jr. " Protecting the Public's Health in an Era of Bioterrorism.

" Legal and Public Policy Responses of States to Bioterrorism.

" Political Authority in a Bioterrorism Emergency.

* MedScape. com-" Interview With Julie L. Gerberding, MD, MPH, Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science ", Madeline Drexler, WebMD ( May 1, 2003 )

* Fong, I. and K. Alibek ( 2005 )," Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century ", Springer.

*” Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism ” ( 2001 ), Chapter 15 of Biological Weapons: Past, Present, and Future, National Academy Press, Washington, D. C., Institute of Medicine.

* K. Alibek, C. Lobanova, " Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat " ( 2006 ), In: Microorganisms and Bioterrorism, Springer.

* 1988 – The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances is signed in Vienna.

The elements of the crime of money laundering are set forth in the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.

In any event, many countries are obligated by various international instruments and standards, such as the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and the recommendations of the FATF to enact and enforce money laundering laws in an effort to stop narcotics trafficking, international organised crime, and corruption.

Illicit diversion has been a problem, but to the many proponents of the utilization of morphine for OST, the benefits far outweigh the costs, taking into account the much higher percentage of addicts who are " held " or, from another perspective, satisfied by this treatment option, as opposed to methadone and buprenorphine treated addicts, who are more likely to forgo their treatment and revert to using heroin etc., in many cases by selling their methadone or buprenorphine prescriptions to afford their opiate of choice.

The Netherlands is a party to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

Illicit opium production, now dominated by Afghanistan, was decimated in 2000 when production was banned by the Taliban, but has increased steadily since the fall of the Taliban in 2001 and over the course of the War in Afghanistan.

Illicit PCP seized by the DEA in several forms.

For example, much of the United Nations action to tackle illegal arms proliferation is raised in the UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms.

In an attempt to obtain international acceptance for the legal recognition of traditional use of coca in their respective countries, Peru and Bolivia successfully led an amendment, paragraph 2 of Article 14 into the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, stipulating that measures to eradicate illicit cultivation and to eliminate illicit demand “ should take due account of traditional licit use, where there is historic evidence of such use .” Bolivia also made a formal reservation to the 1988 Convention, which required countries to adopt measures to establish the use, consumption, possession, purchase or cultivation of the coca leaf for personal consumption as a criminal offence.

Illicit Bacchanals persisted covertly for many years, particularly in Southern Italy, their likely place of origin.

Illicit use of pharmaceutical fentanyls first appeared in the mid-1970s in the medical community and continues in the present.

* Joshua M. Smith, Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783-1820 Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006.

In August 2006, an unlicensed party organised by United Sounds-Aztek, LowKey, One Love, Mission, Illicit, Monolith & Brains Kan Sound Systems in Essex, England was broken up after 24 hours resulting in approx 60 injuries from both sides and over 50 arrests.

Illicit cultivation of opium poppies and cannabis is carried out in Moldova, mainly for consumption in CIS countries.

* Steven W. May, " George Puttenham's Lewd and Illicit Career ," Texas Studies in Literature and Language 2008.

Illicit distilleries were commonplace throughout the Speyside area from medieval times but were largely made redundant with the passing the Excise Act, in 1823.

* Jane Donawerth, " Illicit Reproduction: Clare Winger Harris's The Fate of the Poseidonia in Daughters of Earth, ed., Justine Larbalestier ( 2006 ), pp. 20 – 35.

Safrole is listed as a Table I precursor under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

Joshua M. Smith, Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783-1820 Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006.

Use of these roads by the public results in substantial benefits to the localities the roads serve.

Use nuclear propulsions to keep our long-range military aircraft in the air for the majority of their useful life.

Use this section to plan now to make the most of your vacation in photogenic America.

Use well-wedged clay, free of air bubbles and pliable enough to bend without cracking.

Use white or buff clay, rolled to 3/16'' '' thickness.

Use mold to cut four side pieces.

Use water on finger to smooth seams and edges.

Use one coat of Firzite and one coat of marine paint.

Use deductable insurance wherever feasible.

Use the air hose for this job.

Use of the characteristics of the platform components for an indication of true heading.

`` Use of such weapons has been outlawed by the general opinion of civilized mankind.

Use one 6-ounce chicken breast for each guest.

Use dramatization -- for example, in discussing the Lord's Supper or church symbolism.

Use audio-visual aids.

Use a textbook with assigned readings each week.

Use all the lotion you want, and for goodness' sake, stay in out of the sun for a couple of days ''.

Use of Video Arraignment system allows the courts to conduct the requisite arraignment process without the need to transport the person who has been formally accused ( offender ) to the courtroom by using an audio-visual link between the location where the offender is being held and the courtroom.

Use of the video arraignment process addresses the problems associated with having to transport offenders.

Some Transparency, No Accountability: The Use of Oil Revenues in Angola and Its Impact on Human Rights.

Use of the name " Ashes " was suggested by the Australian team when rugby league matches between the two countries commenced in 1908.

:( 2 ) Use work slides or some other form of carrier so that when a workman completes his operation, he drops the part always in the same place — which place must always be the most convenient place to his hand — and if possible have gravity carry the part to the next workman for his operation.

:( 3 ) Use sliding assembling lines by which the parts to be assembled are delivered at convenient distances.

Use of the term to describe writers, for example, is certainly valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like criticism.

Use of the word " artiste " can also be a pejorative term.