* Wehler, Hans-Ulrich " Bismarck's Imperialism 1862 – 1890 " Past and Present, No. 48, August 1970. pages 119 – 155 online edition

* Wehler, Hans-Ulrich " Bismarck's Imperialism 1862-1890 ," Past & Present, ( 1970 ) 48: 119-55 online

* Wehler, Hans-Ulrich " Bismarck's Imperialism " pages 119-115 from Past and Present, Volume 48, 1970.

On 30 September 1862, Bismarck made a speech to the Budget Committee of the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, which included Bismarck's emphasis on using " iron and blood "— that is, military power — to achieve his goals.

By 1862, when Bismarck made his speech, the idea of a German nation-state in the peaceful spirit of Pan-Germanism had shifted from the liberal and democratic character of 1848 to accommodate Bismarck's Realpolitik.

" Dropping the Pilot " – British caricature depicting Bismarck's dismissal by Wilhelm II, German Emperor | Wilhelm II in 1890

These visits enabled him to meet and take the measure of his adversaries Napoleon III, and the British Prime Minister Palmerston and Foreign Secretary Earl Russell, and also of the British Conservative politician Disraeli, later to be Prime Minister in the 1870s – who later claimed to have said of Bismarck's visit " Be careful of that man – he means every word he says ".

* Prince Bismarck's Letters to His Wife, His Sister, and Others, from 1844 – 1870

* Germany's First Bid for Colonies 1884 – 1885: a Move in Bismarck's European Policy, 1938.

Germany's First Bid For Colonies, 1884 – 1885: A Move in Bismarck's European Policy ( New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. – the Norton Library, 1970 ), p. 17 – 31: Chapter 1.

Bismarck's Approach to France, December 1883 – April 1884.

In the first four novels, set in the 22nd century, the point of divergence is the Franco – Prussian War of 1870, where Grimwood posits a reality where Napoléon III's France defeats Otto von Bismarck's Prussia, causing the German Empire never to form and the Second French Empire never to collapse.

In consequence of the prosecution of socialistically minded persons in application of Otto von Bismarck's anti-socialist laws ( 1878 – 1890 ), in 1883 Ploetz fled to Zurich, where he continued to study political economy with Julius Platter ( 1844 – 1923 ).

From that time and for many years, he was the inseparable companion and confidant of the chancellor, taking daily notes of his sayings and doings, and earning for himself the title of “ Bismarck's Boswell .” He was at the chancellor's side during the whole of the campaign of 1870 – 71.

Bismarck's schemes to dominate the emperor and hold onto his own power failed, and he was forced to resign in March 1890.

However, the Reinsurance Treaty failed to be renewed by Wilhelm II in 1890 after Bismarck's departure from office, thus creating a critical problem for Germany in the event of a war.

Bismarck's continuing diplomatic intrigues prevented any hostile European coalition forming against Germany, but with his departure in 1890, France eventually gained Russia as an ally.

Holstein's career as an éminence grise was promoted by Bismarck's dismissal in 1890.

Wilhelm II had dismissed " Iron " Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and his Realpolitik system of treaties and agreements in 1890, replacing Bismarck's clear rule with a muddle and his foreign policies with a confrontational, expansionist Weltpolitik that was marked by a great build-up of the German Navy meant to challenge Britain.

In spite of all of Bismarck's deft diplomatic maneuvering, in 1890 he was forced to resign by the new Kaiser ( Wilhelm II ).

In Ritter's view, only following Bismarck's sacking in 1890 did militarism first appear in Germany.

During the 1880s, he was a vocal supporter of the Three Emperors ' League but shifted his views after Bismarck's resignation in 1890.

After Bismarck's fall in 1890, he was chosen Prussian minister of finance, and held this post for ten years.

Immediately after Bismarck's death, Busch published the chancellor's famous petition to the emperor Wilhelm II of Germany dated March 18, 1890, requesting to be relieved of office.

After Bismarck's dismissal in 1890 another department for colonial policy was established, spun off as the separate Reichskolonialamt in 1907.

Upon Bismarck's demission in 1890, the party members lost their common adversary.

Bismarck's " balance of power " model maintained peace in Europe for decades at the end of the 19th century, and his " revolutionary conservatism " led to significant popular reforms in insurance law, labor, and wages.

The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879 as part of Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent / limit war.

Despite Bismarck's attempts to play the role of an " honest broker " at the Congress of Berlin, Russo-German relations deteriorated following the conference.

Under the guise of idealism giving way to realism, German nationalism rapidly shifted from its liberal and democratic character in 1848 to Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck's authoritarian Realpolitik.

German nationalism rapidly shifted from its liberal and democratic character in 1848, called Pan-Germanism, to Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck's pragmatic Realpolitik.

The 1871 German Constitution was adopted by the Reichstag on 14 April 1871 and proclaimed by the Emperor on 16 April, which was substantially based upon Bismarck's North German Constitution.

Bismarck's intention was to create a constitutional façade which would mask the continuation of authoritarian policies.

The Kaiser opposed Bismarck's careful foreign policy and wanted Germany to pursue colonialist policies, as Britain and France had been doing for decades, as well as build a navy that could match the British.

Bismarck's domestic policies as Chancellor of Germany were characterised by his fight against perceived enemies of the Protestant Prussian state.

Bismarck's post-1871 foreign policy was conservative and basically aimed at security and preventing the dreaded scenario of a Franco-Russian alliance, which would trap Germany between the two in a war.

Perkins ( 1981 ) argues that more important than Bismarck's new tariff on imported grain was the introduction of the sugar beet as a main crop.

In 1866, however, the last Elector of Hesse was dethroned under Otto von Bismarck's plan for German Unification.

These efforts, however, were not entirely successful ; the working class largely remained unreconciled with Bismarck's conservative government.

It was exemplified by Otto von Bismarck's Realpolitik and by the " practical " philosophical ideas of Auguste Comte's positivism.

After the Unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the Polish language was removed from schools in 1872, as part of Otto von Bismarck's Culture War.

Motley later became an eminent historian and diplomat, and one of Bismarck's closest friends.

Bismarck's eight years in Frankfurt were marked by changes in his political opinions, detailed in the numerous lengthy memoranda which he sent to his ministerial superiors in Berlin.

In the Eastern crisis of the 1870s, fear of a repetition of this turn of events would later be a factor in Bismarck's signing the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879.

This was achieved by Bismarck's diplomacy, by Roon's reorganization of the army, and by Moltke's military strategy.

Bismarck's conflict with the legislators grew more heated during the following years.

Both of Bismarck's sons served as officers in the Prussian cavalry.

With support from the anticlerical National Liberal Party, which had become Bismarck's chief ally in the Reichstag, he abolished the Catholic Department of the Prussian Ministry of Culture.

The policies were motivated by Bismarck's view that Polish existence was a threat to the German state.