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Page "American and British English pronunciation differences" ¶ 7
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Some Related Sentences

BrE and first-syllable
* AmE first-syllable, BrE last-syllable: address < sup > A2 </ sup > ( postal ), moustache < sup > A2 </ sup >; cigarette < sup > A2 </ sup >, limousine < sup > B2 </ sup >, magazine < sup > B2 </ sup >,
* AmE first-syllable, BrE second-syllable: liaison < sup > A2 </ sup >, macramé, Renaissance ( AmE also final-syllable stress )
Most 2-syllable verbs ending-ate have first-syllable stress in AmE and second-syllable stress in BrE.
Examples where AmE and BrE match include create, debate, equate, elate, negate, orate, relate with second-syllable stress ( though in American usage, orate occasionally attracts first-syllable stress ); and mandate and probate with first-syllable stress.
Most longer-ate verbs are pronounced the same in AmE and BrE, but a few have first-syllable stress in BrE and second-syllable stress in AmE: elongate, infiltrate < sup > A2 </ sup >, remonstrate < sup > A2 </ sup >, tergiversate.

BrE and stress
* Words with primary stress on the third syllable and secondary stress on the first in BrE and AmE, but vice versa in SLE
* Words with primary stress on the fourth syllable and secondary stress on the second in BrE and AmE, but vice versa in SLE
* Words with primary stress on the fourth syllable and secondary stress on the first in BrE and AmE, but vice versa in SLE
For many loanwords from French where AmE has final-syllable stress, BrE stresses an earlier syllable.
* BrE second-syllable stress: attaché, consommé, décolleté, déclassé, De Beauvoir, Debussy, démodé, denouement, distingué, Dubonnet, escargot, exposé, fiancé ( e )< sup > A2 </ sup >, retroussé
However, some derived adjectives ending-atory have a difference, as stress shifting to-at-can occur in BrE with the final vowel sound being omitted, in this case, the ' o '.
The following table lists words where the only difference between AmE and BrE is in stress ( possibly with a consequent reduction of the unstressed vowel ).

BrE and adult
The Paediatric Glasgow Coma Scale ( BrE ) ( also known as Pediatric Glasgow Coma Score ( AmE ) or simply PGCS ) is the equivalent of the Glasgow Coma Scale ( GCS ) used to assess the mental state of adult patients.

BrE and <
* superscript < sup > A2 </ sup > after a word indicates the BrE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in AmE
* superscript < sup > B2 </ sup > after a word indicates the AmE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in BrE

BrE and >
British English ( or BrEn, BrE, BE, en-UK or en-GB )< ref > is the language code for British English, as defined by ISO standards ( see ISO 639-1 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 ) and Internet standards ( see IETF language tag ).</ ref > is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere.

BrE and A2
* AmE second-syllable, BrE last-syllable: New Orleans < sup > A2 </ sup >
This includes castrate, dictate < sup > A2 </ sup >, donate < sup > A2 </ sup >, locate < sup > A2 </ sup >, mandate < sup > B2 </ sup >, migrate, placate, prostrate, pulsate, rotate, serrate < sup > A2, B2 </ sup >, spectate, striated, translate < sup > A2 </ sup >, vacate, vibrate ; in the case of cremate, narrate, placate, the first vowel is in addition reduced to in BrE.

BrE and ;
In BrE, collective nouns can take either singular ( formal agreement ) or plural ( notional agreement ) verb forms, according to whether the emphasis is on the body as a whole or on the individual members respectively ; compare a committee was appointed with the committee were unable to agree.
BrE: The Clash are a well-known band ; AmE: The Clash is a well-known band.
BrE: Spain are the champions ; AmE: Spain is the champion.
Proper nouns that are plural in form take a plural verb in both AmE and BrE ; for example, The Beatles are a well-known band ; The Saints are the champions, with one major exception: largely for historical reasons, in American English, the United States is is almost universal.
Dynamite is an explosive material based on nitroglycerin, initially using diatomaceous earth ( AmE: kieselgur ; BrE: kieselguhr ), or another absorbent substance such as powdered shells, clay, sawdust, or wood pulp.
The plough ( BrE ) or plow ( AmE ; see spelling differences ; ) is a tool ( or machine ) used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting.

BrE and also
* chargesheet-Formal charges filed in a court ( also in BrE, with a space ); v. to file charges against someone in court
These words, which are also pronounced with a diphthong as / teɪk /, / meɪd /… in BrE and AmE, are generally pronounced with the monophthong / eː /, as / teːk /, / meːd /… (/ e /-close-mid front unrounded vowel, / ɪ /-near-close near-front unrounded vowel )
In BrE and AmE, the sound of the letter “ i ” (/ ɪ /-near-close near-front unrounded vowel ) in “ lid ” may be different from that of “ y ” (/ i /-close front unrounded vowel ) in “ happy .” Or else, the latter will also be / ɪ /.

BrE and some
In BrE, both irregular and regular forms are current, but for some words ( such as smelt and leapt ) there is a strong tendency towards the irregular forms, especially by users of Received Pronunciation.
BrE usage varies, with some authoritative sources such as The Economist and The Times recommending the same usage as in the US, whereas other authoritative sources, such as The King's English, recommend single quotation marks.
* railway station-Invariably used, whereas " train station " or just " station " is more popular in some BrE.
* The ' ed ' added to form the past tense of verbs ending in voiceless sounds like ‘ p / p /’, ‘ k / k /’, ‘ f / f /’, ‘ s / s /’, ‘ sh / ʃ /’, ‘ ch / tʃ /’, ‘ th / θ /’, though pronounced /- t / in BrE and AmE, are pronounced /- ɖ / by some Sri Lankans.

first-syllable and stress
The crucial difference between and was therefore one of second-syllable versus first-syllable stress ( cf.
Such names may be mispronounced by non-French-speakers, for instance a first-syllable stress or silent-d pronunciation in Bouchard -->.

stress and adult
Similarly, a meta-analysis of five studies of group psychotherapy for adult sexual abuse survivors showed moderate to strong effect sizes, and there is also good evidence for effectiveness with chronic traumatic stress in war veterans.
The adult may develop a sense of stress because they have a lot of responsibility ahead of them.
Some have suggested that, after ' Pre-adulthood ... in the first 20 years or so ... the second era, Early Adulthood, lasts from about age 17 to 45 ... the adult era of greatest energy and abundance and of greatest contradiction and stress.
Infertility and infant mortality, which were probably more significant influences on overall population levels than the adult mortality rate, increased from 1820 due to disease, malnutrition, and stress, all of which stemmed from state forced labor policies.
The study found that 19 % of adult participants reported new posttraumatic stress symptoms, and 10 % of adult participants reported developing new asthma.
Accreditation is offered in adult and pediatric transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, as well as adult stress and fetal echo.
Mona O ’ Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, " There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to suicide ".
Indeed, suppression of adult neurogenesis can lead to an increased HPA-axis stress response in mildly stressful situations.
Flat feet can also develop as an adult (" adult acquired flatfoot ") due to injury, illness, unusual or prolonged stress to the foot, faulty biomechanics, or as part of the normal aging process.
This frustration can cause the child ( or adult ) a great deal of stress and can lead to stress-related illnesses.
Another Mattson study in which overweight adult asthmatics followed alternate day calorie restriction ( ADCR ) for eight weeks showed marked improvement in oxidative stress, inflammation, and severity of the disease.
* To provide emergency funds for amenities, equipment and facilities to adult Cancer sufferers in order to ameliorate their sickness, improve their quality of life, limit their stress and, where possible, help their recovery.
Under conditions of stress such as crowding and high temperature, L1 larvae of some free living nematodes such as C. elegans can switch development to the so called dauer larva state, instead of going the normal molts into a reproductive adult.

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