By the summer of 1944, victories in the Southwest and Central Pacific had brought the war closer to Japan, with American bombers able to strike at the Japanese main islands from air bases secured during the Mariana Islands campaign ( June — August 1944 ).

By the summer of 1944, Peleliu Island was occupied by about 11, 000 Japanese of the 14th Infantry Division with Korean and Okinawan laborers.

By the summer of 1944 the reversal of fortune was complete and Operation Bagration saw Soviet forces inflict crushing defeats on Germany through the aggressive use of armour, infantry and air power in combined strategic assault, known as deep operations.

By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as Pinewoods Camp, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the New England Folk Festival, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944.

By the time of Operation Overlord in June 1944, the Allies had gained near complete air superiority over the Western Front.

By 1944, LaGuardia was frantically juggling the books to pay the city's bills.

By April 1944 Animal Farm was ready for publication.

By late 1944, the United States, Canada, France, and Great Britain were closing in on Germany in the West, while the Soviets were closing from the East.

By November 1944 Himmler had merged the army officer recruitment department with that of the Waffen-SS and had successfully lobbied for an increase in the quotas for recruits to the SS.

By 1944 the UAP had effectively disintegrated and in 1945 Menzies formally established a new political party, the Liberal Party of Australia, and forged an enduring coalition with the Country Party.

By November 1944, they had thrown out the Germans, being with Yugoslavia the only East European nations to do so without any assistance from the Soviet Army.

By 1944 the last known Ivory-billed Woodpecker, a female, was gone from the cut-over tract ( Smithsonian p 98 ).

Eric D. Weitz wrote, " By 1948, according to Nicolas Werth, the mortality rate of the 600, 000 people deported from the Caucasus between 1943 and 1944 had reached 25 %.

By July 1944, it was in any case too late for Goebbels and Speer ’ s internal coup to make any real difference to the outcome of the war.

By January 1944, Germany had diplomatic relations with only a handful of countries: Argentina, Ireland, Vichy France, the Salo Republic in Italy, Occupied Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, the Holy See, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, and the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and the Wang Jingwei regime in China.

By 1944 US and British air forces were sending huge air fleets over occupied Europe, increasing the pressure on the Luftwaffe day and night fighter forces.

By 1944, there existed three divisions of the SS-TV, those being the staffs of the concentration camps proper in Germany and Austria, the labor camp system in occupied territories, and the guards and staffs of the extermination camps in Poland that were involved in the Holocaust.

By 1944, with the concentration camps fully integrated with the Waffen-SS and under the control of the WVHA, a standard practice developed to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, based on manpower needs and also to give assignments to wounded Waffen-SS officers and soldiers who could no longer serve in front-line combat duties.

By 1943 they produced the SU-85, and by late 1944 the SU-100, which mounted powerful guns on modern chassis with full armour protection.

The only actual book he ever wrote was God Passes By in 1944 to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the religion.

By the early 1940s, the British film industry began to combine documentary techniques with fictional stories in films like Noël Coward's In Which We Serve ( 1942 ), Millions Like Us ( 1943 ) and The Way Ahead ( 1944 ).

By the time of his sudden death in October 1944, Willkie had not endorsed either Dewey or Roosevelt.

By April 1944, a total of 34 NCDUs were deployed to England in preparation for Operation OVERLORD, the amphibious landing at Normandy.

By the summer of 1944 the USAAF conducted a number of shuttle bombing raids against the Third Reich under the name of Operation Frantic.

By now, Hoover was no longer living in Australia, instead he visited the country in 1902, 1903, 1905 and 1907 as an overseas investor.

By 1914, Hoover was an extremely wealthy man, with an estimated personal fortune of $ 4m He was once quoted as saying " If a man has not made a million dollars by the time he is forty, he is not worth much ".

By 1914, Hoover stood eventually to obtain what he later described as " a large fortune from these Russian industries, probably more than is good for anybody ".

By a law signed on March 3, 1931 by President Herbert Hoover, " The Star-Spangled Banner " was adopted as the national anthem of the United States.

Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations, By George W. Baer, Hoover Press, 1976, p. 25 </ Ref >

According to the Hoover Institution's website: " By collecting knowledge, generating ideas, and disseminating both, the Institution seeks to secure and safeguard peace, improve the human condition, and limit government intrusion into the lives of individuals.

By 1926, the Hoover War Library was known as the largest library in the world devoted to the Great War.

By 1946, the agenda of the Hoover War Library had expanded to include research activities ; thus the organization was renamed the Hoover Institute and Library on War, Revolution and Peace.

By the 1932 election, party chairman David Leigh Colvin thundered that " The Republican wet plank supporting the repeal of Prohibition means that Mr. Hoover is the most conspicuous turncoat since Benedict Arnold.

By the time of the assassination, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had been keeping a file on the " flighty and irresponsible " columnist ( his words about her were preserved in his own handwriting ) for 25 years.

By Katya Drozdova, Hoover Institute

Forbes was nominated By President Hoover and confirmed as United States Ambassador to Japan, 1930-1932.

By 1926, Hoover had developed the ' beater bar ' - a metal bar attached to the rotating brush-roll, situated in the floor nozzle cavity of the upright vacuum cleaner.

By December 1994, Southcorp announced a successful bid to buy Hoover Australia.

By 1935, rural migrants and unemployed workers had built a massive shanty town ( or " Hooverville " after president Herbert Hoover ) on the south bank of the North Canadian River.

By the early ' 90s Hoover claimed to have renounced his violent criminal past and became an urban political celebrity in Chicago, and the GDs earned fans in the community with charity events and peaceful protests.

By 1931, Best was painting pin-ups for the Joseph C. Hoover & Sons calendar company.