Many of these trivial errors occurred in the Byzantine period, following a change in script from uncial to minuscule, and many were ' homophonic ' errors, when scribes accidentally substituted homophones for words in the textequivalent in English to substituting ' right ' for ' write ', except that there were more opportunities for Byzantine scribes to make these errors because the Greek letters η, ι, οι and ει were pronounced similarly in the Byzantine period.

According to the 11th century Byzantine historian Georgios Kedrenos an uncial manuscript of Matthew's Gospel, believed to be that found by Anthemios, was then still preserved in the Chapel of St Stephen in the imperial palace.

Codex Vaticanus 354 S ( 028 ), an uncial codex with a Byzantine text, assigned to the Family K < sup > 1 </ sup >

The descenders were borrowed from a Byzantine uncial shape of uppercase Delta.

The first version of the Order ( 1926 – 1935 ) featured the letters " E-T-T-A " in Byzantine uncial on each arm of the cross, the initials of the motto Εκ της τέφρας μου αναγεννώμαι (" From my ashes I am reborn ").

Most scholars view uncial text as the most accurate ; however, a few authors ( such as New Testament scholar Maurice A. Robinson and linguist Wilbur Pickering ), Arthur Farstad and Zane C. Hodges claim that the minuscule texts ( the Byzantine text-type ) more accurately reflect the " autographs " or original texts than an eclectic text like NA27 that relies heavily on manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type.

Often dismissed as an unreliable tradition, it has been studied with attention by modern scholars, in particular Neil Christie, who see in it a possible record of a formal invitation by the Byzantine state to settle in northern Italy as foederati, to help protect the region against the Franks, an arrangement that may have been disowned by Justin II after Narses ' removal.

It is located south of Asia Minor, the Anatolian peninsula of the Asian ( or Eurasian ) mainland ( now part of modern-day Turkey ), so it may be included in Western Asia or the Middle East: At a confluence of Western Asia, Southern Europe, and Northern Africa, Cyprus has had lengthy periods of mainly Greek and intermittent Anatolian, Levantine, Byzantine, and Western European influences.

Post-Roman imported pottery has been excavated from many sites across the region, and the apparent surge in late 5th century Mediterranean and / or Byzantine imports is yet to be explained satisfactorily.

Although the word has a pejorative meaning nowadays, it was once a legitimate title of office in the Byzantine Empire.

Just as the word Byzantine is often used in a pejorative way, so the word despot now has equally negative connotations.

The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, used in the Byzantine Churches, still has a formula of dismissal of catechumens ( not usually followed by any action ) at this point.

The work as a whole has been lost in the original Greek, but it may be reconstructed from later chronographists of the Byzantine school who made excerpts from the work, especially George Syncellus.

These, however, were different mixtures and not the Byzantine formula, which was a closely guarded state secret, a secret that has been lost.

Although the term " Greek fire " has been general in English and most other languages since the Crusades, in the original Byzantine sources it is called by a variety of names, such as " sea fire " (), " Roman fire " (), " war fire " (), " liquid fire " (), or " manufactured fire " ().

Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur, Karnataka | Bijapur, has the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Byzantine Hagia Sophia.

The Hebrew contribution to the development of modern medicine started in the Byzantine Era, with the physician Asaph the Jew, and has since been tremendous.

The Sampo has been interpreted in many ways: a world pillar or world tree, a compass or astrolabe, a chest containing a treasure, a Byzantine coin die, a decorated Vendel period shield, a Christian relic, etc.

Imperialism has been found in the histories of Japan, the Assyrian Empire, the Chinese Empire, the Roman Empire, Greece, the Byzantine Empire, the Persian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, ancient Egypt, and India.

In 1882 Pope Leo XIII had a Mass and an Office composed for his feast day, which he set at 14 April, the day after the day indicated as that of his death in the Martyrology of Florus ; but since this date quite often falls within the main Paschal celebrations, the feast was moved in 1968 to 1 June, the date on which he has been celebrated in the Byzantine Rite since at least the 9th century.

The Hebrew contribution to the development of modern medicine started in the Byzantine Era, with the physician Asaph the Jew, and has since been tremendous.

The name has been popular in Orthodox Christian countries, and was borne by several rulers of the Byzantine and Russian Empires.

* 404 – Byzantine Empress Eudoxia has her seventh and last pregnancy who ends in a miscarriage.

Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870.

In Luke 8: 48 it has θυγατερ ( daughter ) as in the Byzantine manuscripts, instead of the Alexandrian θυγατηρ ( daughter ), supported by the manuscripts: B K L W Θ.

Historically, Samaritans were a large community — up to more than a million in late Roman times, but were then gradually reduced to several tens of thousands a few centuries ago — their unprecedented demographic shrinkage has been a result of various historical events, including, most notably, the bloody suppression of the Third Samaritan Revolt ( 529 CE ) against the Byzantine Christian rulers, and mass conversion to Islam in the Early Muslim period of Palestine.

The Sampo has been interpreted in many ways: a world pillar or world tree, a compass or astrolabe, a chest containing a treasure, a Byzantine coin die, a decorated Vendel period shield, a Christian relic, etc.

* 1108: By the Treaty of Devol, signed in September, Bohemond I of Antioch has to submit to the Byzantine Empire, becoming the vassal of Alexius I.

Theodoric the Great finds that he has been only partly successful in persuading the Byzantine emperor Justin I to withdraw his edict against Arian Christianity, and throws the pope into prison.

Theodahad has secret conversations with the Byzantine ambassador and promises to turn over Tuscany in exchange for a large som of money, the rank of senator, and permission to live at Constantinople.

The Byzantine people suspected that he has been poisoned by Heracleonas, and deposes him.

During his reign, Jerusalem became more closely allied with the Byzantine Empire, and the two states launched an unsuccessful invasion of Egypt.

The two monks later canonized as Saints Cyril and Methodius, the brothers from Thessaloniki, were sent to Great Moravia in 862 by the Byzantine emperor at the request of Knyaz ( Duke ) Rastislav, who wanted to weaken the dependence of his country on East Frankish priests.

It provided a technological advantage, and was responsible for many key Byzantine military victories, most notably the salvation of Constantinople from two Arab sieges, thus securing the Empire's survival.

Isidore of Miletus was one of the two main Byzantine Greek architects ( Anthemius of Tralles was the other ) that Emperor Justinian I commissioned to design the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople from 532-537A. D.

The Lombards of southern Italy were thereafter in the anomalous position of holding land claimed by two empires: the Carolingian Empire to the north and west and the Byzantine Empire to the east.

A " Germanic " Byzantine or Italian author referred to one of the two peoples as the Valagothi, meaning " Roman Goths ".

The Nationalist faction, previously headed by Crescentius and now headed by his two sons, that had helped him rise to his papal status was now not so much Byzantine as it was national-Roman.

A " Germanic " Byzantine or Italian author referred to one of the two peoples as the Valagothi, meaning " Roman Goths ", and in 469 the Visigoths were called the " Alaric Goths ".

* 1043: the Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus engage in a naval confrontation, although a later treaty is signed between two parties that included the marriage alliance of Vsevolod I of Kiev to a princess daughter of Constantine IX Monomachos.

* 815: The 30-year Treaty of 815 between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire end the hostilities between the two countries.

When the Roman Empire was divided in two in 395 AD, Epirus became part of the Eastern Roman Empire ( subsequently the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire ), ruled from Constantinople.

The Byzantine authorities in Constantinople soon re-established a measure of control by making the Despotate of Epirus a vassal state, but meanwhile Albanian clans invaded, seized most of the region, and founded two local, short-lived entities, centered in Arta ( 1358 – 1416 ) and Gjirokastër ( 1386 – 1411 ) by the Losha and Zenebishi clans, respectively.

The runestones further tell that a barrow and a bridge were built and that two of the runestones were raised by the brothers Ingefast, Östen and Sven in memory of their father Östen, who had fought in Jerusalem and died in the Byzantine Empire.

The current building was originally constructed as a church between 532 and 537 on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian and was the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site, the previous two having both been destroyed by rioters.

Conrad's army was the first to enter the Byzantine territory in the summer of 1147, and it figures more prominently in the Byzantine sources, which imply that it was the most troublesome of the two.

The name " Corfu ", an Italian version of the Byzantine Κορυφώ ( Koryphō ), meaning " city of the peaks ", derives from the Greek Κορυφαί ( Koryphai ) ( crests or peaks ), denoting the two peaks of Palaio Frourio.

Samuel died of a heart attack on 6 October 1014, two months after the catastrophic battle of Kleidion, and Bulgaria was fully subjugated by Basil II four years later, ending the five decades-long Byzantine – Bulgarian conflict.

It had destroyed what were the two former foremost military powers, the Sassanid Empire, which it absorbed completely, and the greater part of the Byzantine Empire, including Syria, Armenia and North Africa, although Leo the Isaurian stemmed the tide when he defeated the Umayyads at the Battle of Akroinon ( 739 ), their final campaign in Anatolia.

The ' two natures ' defined at Chalcedon were now clearly interpreted as two sets of attributes possessed by a single person, Christ God, the Second Person of the Trinity, Later Byzantine Christology, as we find it Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus, was built upon this basis.

Byzantine historian Procopius stated that two Christian monks eventually uncovered the way of how silk was made.

Limassol was built between two ancient cities, Amathus and Kourion, so during Byzantine rule it was known as Neapolis ( new town ).

This episcopal complex follows the Byzantine model of antiquity, with two churches ( Sant Pere and Santa Maria ) and a mausoleum ( Sant Miquel ).

The Palaiologan dynasty he established ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two centuries, longer than any other in Roman history.