Calculus ( Latin, calculus, a small stone used for counting ) is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series.

Calculus is the study of change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of operations and their application to solving equations.

Calculus has widespread applications in science, economics, and engineering and can solve many problems for which algebra alone is insufficient.

The History of the Calculus and its Conceptual Development.

ISBN 0-8218-2830-4 Differential and Integral Calculus, American Mathematical Society.

ISBN 978-0-201-39607-2 Calculus: A complete course.

* Florian Cajori, " The History of Notations of the Calculus.

1: The Tools of Calculus ", Princeton Univ.

ISBN 978-0-471-26987-8 Calculus and Pizza: A Math Cookbook for the Hungry Mind.

ISBN 978-0-914098-89-8 Calculus.

ISBN 978-0-471-00005-1 Calculus, Volume 1, One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra.

ISBN 978-0-471-00007-5 Calculus, Volume 2, Multi-Variable Calculus and Linear Algebra with Applications.

ISBN 978-0-312-18548-0 Calculus Made Easy.

Calculus for a New Century ; A Pump, Not a Filter, The Association, Stony Brook, NY.

ISBN 978-0-201-53174-9 Calculus and Analytic geometry 9th, Addison Wesley.

* Weisstein, Eric W. " Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

* Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, Stephen Davis :" Calculus ", John Willey and Sons Pte.

" Calculus " Light and Matter, Fullerton.

" Understanding Calculus " Retrieved 6 May 2007 from Understanding Calculus, URL http :// www. understandingcalculus. com / ( HTML only )

* The Role of Calculus in College Mathematics from ERICDigests. org

" ( Bishop 1967, Chapter 2, Calculus and the Real Numbers, page 25 )

Calculus, 2nd edition, page 708, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

Thus, Keisler's Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach defines continuity on page 125 in terms of infinitesimals, to the exclusion of epsilon, delta methods ; similarly, the derivative is defined on page 45 using infinitesimals rather than an epsilon-delta approach ; finally, integral is defined on page 183 in terms of infinitesimals, while epsilon, delta definitions are not introduced until page 282.

* Deep Inference and the Calculus of Structures Intro and reference web page about ongoing research in deep inference.

There is also a preprint version of this paper in Adobe pdf format, available at the web page of the Research Group in Calculus of Variations and Geometric Measure Theory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa.

*, available home page at the Research Group in Calculus of Variations and Geometric Measure Theory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa.

Front page of an AP Calculus PAK

* COW: Calculus on the Web at Temple University – contains resources ranging from pre-calculus and associated algebra

In these stories Hergé placed more emphasis on characters than plot, and indeed Tintin's most memorable companions, Captain Haddock and Cuthbert Calculus ( in French Professeur Tryphon Tournesol ), were introduced at this time.

When Haddock tries to bring in alcohol with him when visiting Calculus at the research facility, he is hit with high alcohol duty.

:* The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy, by James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, at the Library of Economics and Liberty

In the same relation, some are protagonists ( or at least positive forces ), such as Dexter in the animated series Dexter's Laboratory, Professor Calculus in The Adventures of Tintin, Dr. Muto, Professor Farnsworth, Philo in UHF, Dr. Benjamin Jeffcoat, or Dr. Emmett " Doc " Brown from the Back to the Future movies.

Professor Calculus takes particular offense at the insult in the album Destination Moon.

Calculus, though allowed in solutions, is never required, as there is a principle at play that anyone with a basic understanding of mathematics should understand the problems, even if the solutions require a great deal more knowledge.

Escalante actually first began teaching at Garfield High School in 1974 and taught his first AP Calculus course in 1978 with a group of 14 students.

Only five students remained in the course at the end of the year and of the five, only two passed the AP Calculus exam.

In The Calculus Affair, it is red, with the emblem of Kurvi-Tasch's mustache at its centre.

* James Gregory's Euclidean Proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus at Convergence

* Aizawa, Kenneth ; Schlatter, Mark, " Another Look at McCulloch and Pitts's ' Logical Calculus '", Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport, Louisiana

* Piccinini, Gualtiero, " The First Computational Theory of Mind and Brain: A Close Look at McCulloch and Pitts's ' Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity '", Synthese 141: 175 – 215, 2004.

: Lehrer, at the end of the song, said that he often wanted to write a mathematics textbook someday that would be a million seller, entitled " Tropic of Calculus ".

Calculus of Broadcasting Systems ( CBS ) is a CCS-like calculus where processes speak one at a time and each is heard instantaneously by all others.

The party finally arrives at Calculus ' villa where he demonstrates his invention: a camera which can project holographic images.

Back at home, Calculus demonstrates his new invention to the children — a machine that can copy any object from a piece of special soap.

Tintin, Calculus, and Haddock soon are accused themselves and, travelling to San Theodoros to clear their names ( though Tintin at first refuses, only to change his mind and follow a couple of days later ), find themselves caught in a trap laid by their old enemy, Colonel Sponsz, who has been sent by the Eastern Bloc nation of Borduria to assist Tapioca.

Tintin's train arrives at Marlinspike Hall, the new home of his friends Captain Haddock and Professor Calculus.

Back at Marlinspike Hall, Captain Haddock is devastated by the loss of Professor Calculus.

Calculus determines that the crew needs at least four days to repair the damaged rocket, while the remaining oxygen supply will last at most four days.

Hergé was delighted to have predicted the lunar mission fairly accurately, given the limited knowledge at the time, and later he produced a four-page comic of Tintin, Haddock, Calculus and Snowy greeting Neil Armstrong on the Moon.