* 2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church following the death of Pope John Paul II.

He was suspected and denounced, but nothing ensued until the establishment of the Inquisition in Rome in June 1542, at the instigation of Cardinal Giovanni Pietro Carafa, the first Grand Inquisitor, and later Pope Paul IV.

That the assessment of the contemporary situation advanced by John Paul II is not binding on the faithful was confirmed by Cardinal Ratzinger when he wrote in 2004 that,

Some suspect that this " secret Cardinal " was Archbishop Stanisław Dziwisz, a close, longtime friend of John Paul II.

* 1963 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini is elected as Pope Paul VI.

In November 2010, he publicly asserted that Cardinal Agostino Casaroli had been the man behind the assassination attempt on John Paul II in 1981.

Funeral of Pope John Paul II at the Vatican in 2005, presided over by Cardinal Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI

Cardinal Giovanni Montini, who later became Pope Paul VI remarked to a friend that " this holy old boy doesn't realise what a hornet's nest he's stirring up ".

Three Popes and the Cardinal: The Church of Pius, John and Paul in its Encounter with Human History.

Three Popes and the Cardinal: The Church of Pius, John and Paul in its Encounter with Human History.

The following year, Pope Leo X ( 1513 – 21 ) made Adrian a cardinal, naming him Cardinal Priest of the Basilica of Saints John and Paul.

He travelled in the suite of the Pope during the papal visit to Nice, where Paul III was promoting a truce between François I and Charles V. He then accompanied the young Cardinal Farnese on a trip to Spain, France and the Spanish Netherlands to help implement the terms of the truce.

Juan Alvarez de Toledo ( Bishop of Burgos ), another Imperial favorite was proposed, and he too failed, because of strong opposition from the faction of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, nephew of the late Pope Paul III and from the French.

Cardinal Piccolomini participated in the conclave that elected Pope Paul II ( 1464 – 71 ) in 1464, but was absent when Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471 – 84 ) was elected in 1471.

Pope Paul IV ( 1555 – 59 ), who, as Cardinal Carafa, had shown him special favor, conferred upon him the bishopric of Sutri and Nepi, the cardinalate with the title of Alessandrino, and the unique honor of the supreme inquisitorship.

From our knowledge, performances were given in the house of Cardinal Wolsey by boys of St. Paul ’ s School as early as 1527.

In September 1616, Paul created him Cardinal Priest, his titular church being Santa Maria in Traspontina.

Pope Paul IV ( 1555 – 1559 ) attached him as datarius to the suite of Cardinal Carlo Carafa, Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 1565 ) made him Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto Vecchio and sent him to the Council of Trent.

He was a lawyer, a graduate in 1544 of the University of Bologna, which was pre-eminent in jurisprudence, and became secretary to Cardinal Nicolò Ardinghelli before entering the service of Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, brother of the Duke of Parma and grandson of Pope Paul III ( 1534 – 1549 ), one of the great patrons of the time.

Paul III died on 10 November 1549, and in the ensuing conclave the forty-eight cardinals were divided into three factions: the Imperials, the French, and the adherents of Paul III's grandson, Cardinal Ottavio Farnese.

The first possible historical reference to the vase is in a 1601 letter from the French scholar Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc to the painter Peter Paul Rubens, where it is recorded as in the collection of Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte in Italy.

In 1467, he was appointed Cardinal of San Pietro in Vincoli by Pope Paul II.

Set up by Pope John Paul II by a motu proprio of 15 January 1993, it is presided over by the Cardinal Secretary of State and includes also the Secretary and the Undersecretary for Relations with States, and the Secretaries of the Congregations for the Eastern Churches, for the Clergy, and for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, and of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity.

Lustiger was never elected as head of the Conférence des évêques de France ( French Episcopal Conference ) by his peers, with whom he was not popular, but he was elected a member of the Académie Française in 1995, succeeding Albert Decourtray and bypassing Cardinal Paul Poupard.

" Cardinal Paul Poupard added that " the faithful have the obligation to listen to that which secular modern science has to offer, just as we ask that knowledge of the faith be taken in consideration as an expert voice in humanity.

On 11 March 2006, Pope Benedict XVI placed the PCID under the leadership of the Cardinal President of the Pontifical Council for Culture, Paul Poupard.

* Paul Cardinal Poupard ( 11 Mar 2006-1 September 2007 )

Paul Joseph Jean Poupard ( born 30 August 1930 in Bouzillé, Maine-et-Loire ) is a French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who has been President of the Pontifical Council for Culture and also of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue.

Poupard received his episcopal consecration on the following 6 April from Cardinal François Marty, with Archbishop André Pailler and Bishop Jean Orchampt serving as co-consecrators, in the Church of Saint-Germain-des-Prés.

Coat of arms of Cardinal Poupard

* The text of a speech given by Cardinal Poupard, June 27, 2001

* Pontifical Council for Culture Homepage of the Dicastery presided over by Cardinal Poupard

* Paul Poupard, Cardinal, former President of the Pontifical Council for Culture and also of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue ( 1.

The public appeal by the new Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Cicognani, for renewed efforts toward Eastern and Western reunion was still another remarkable act.

The Cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name ( once he has been ordained to the Episcopate ) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State.

The launching took place at the Permanent Observation Mission of the Vatican to the United Nations, with the presence of the Vatican's then State Secretary, Cardinal Angelo Sodano.

Present for the Vatican were Cardinal Merry del Val and next to him, Pacelli.

On 24 June 1914, just four days before Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo, Pacelli, together with Cardinal Merry del Val, represented the Vatican when the Serbian Concordat was signed.

Cardinal Maglione, a seasoned Vatican diplomat, had reestablished diplomatic relations with Switzerland and was for many years nuncio in Paris.

The Apostolic Brief of his appointment, however, came from the new pope, Julius III on 24 May 1550, and he was named not Vatican Librarian, but Bibliothecarius Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae because he was the first Cardinal to be in charge of the library.

Benedict XIV was also responsible, along with Cardinal Passionei, for beginning the catalogue of the Vatican Library.

It is headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State, currently Tarcisio Bertone, and performs all the political and diplomatic functions of Vatican City and the Holy See.

* The Cardinal ( 1963 ): a drama set in the Vatican hierarchy which earned Preminger his second Best Director Academy Award nomination

A visit to the villa of Cardinal Luigi d ' Este in 1573 convinced Pope Gregory XIII to start the building of a summer residence the following year, in an area considered healthier than the Vatican Hill or Lateran: His architects were Flaminio Ponzio and Ottaviano Nonni, called Mascherino ; under Pope Sixtus V, works were continued by Domenico Fontana ( the main facade on the Piazza ) and Carlo Maderno, and by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for Pope Clement XII.

Cardinal Caesar Baronius, the Vatican Librarian and historian ( d. 1609 ), recorded this voyage by Joseph of Arimathea, Lazarus, Mary Magdalene, Martha, Marcella and others in his Annales Ecclesiastici, volume 1, section 35.

The records of the English Hospital in Rome indicate that he stayed there in June 1514, while documents in the Vatican Archives suggest that he was an agent for Archbishop of York, Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge, and handled English ecclesiastical issues before the Roman Rota.

Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Lambruschini introduced him to Vatican congregations and to Pope Gregory XVI, who appointed Pecci on 14 February 1837, as personal prelate even before he was ordained priest on 31 December 1837, by the Vicar of Rome.

In July 16, 1935, Pope Pius XI declared Our Lady of Guadalupe to be the Heavenly Patroness of the Philippines and was signed and attested by Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli ( later Pope Pius XII ).

* Edmund Szoka, Roman Catholic Cardinal and former President of the Governorate of Vatican City State

* Edmund Cardinal Szoka, Cardinal, President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

Michael realizes that the Immobiliare deal is an elaborate conspiracy among Lucchesi, Archbishop Gilday, and Vatican accountant Frederick Keinszig ( Helmut Berger ) to swindle him out of his money, and visits Cardinal Lamberto ( Raf Vallone ), the man favored to become the next Pope, to speak about the deal.

Jean Madiran, a critic of Vatican II and founder-editor of the French journal Itinéraires, claimed that this letter was fraudulently presented to the elderly and already blind cardinal for his signature by his secretary, Monsignor ( and future Cardinal ) Gilberto Agustoni, and that Agustoni resigned shortly afterwards.

Cardinal Mariano Rampolla took note of him and furthered his entry in the diplomatic service of the Vatican in 1882, where he was employed by Rampolla as a secretary and soon to be posted to Madrid.

These allegations were rejected by the Vatican ’ s Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri, who wrote on 4 March 1916 that the Holy See is completely impartial and does not favor the Allied side.

On 11 April 1919, Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri informed the Estonian authorities that the Vatican would agree to have diplomatic relations.

Moreover, Senior Vatican officer Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos, who has seen the film, addressed the matter so: