* Principles of Economics by Carl Menger

Austrian Economics in Transition: From Carl Menger to Friedrich Hayek ( Palgrave Macmillan ; 2010 ) 339 pages

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Mises ( 1912 ) applied the marginal utility theory developed by Carl Menger to money.

Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading Ludwig von Mises ' book Socialism.

Hayek's greatest intellectual debt was to Carl Menger, who pioneered an approach to social explanation similar to that developed in Britain by Bernard Mandeville and the Scottish moral philosophers in the Scottish Enlightenment.

But, even though Weber's research interests were very much in line with that school, his views on methodology and the theory of value diverged significantly from those of other German historicists and were closer, in fact, to those of Carl Menger and the Austrian School, the traditional rivals of the historical school.

* February 26 – Carl Menger, Austrian economist ( born 1840 )

Der Schmetterlingsjäger ( The butterfly hunter ) by Carl Spitzweg ( 1840 ), a depiction from the era of butterfly collection.

He is a brother of Carl Heinrich von Siemens and Carl Wilhelm Siemens, sons of Christian Ferdinand Siemens ( 31 July 1787-16 January 1840 ) and wife Eleonore Deichmann ( 1792-8 July 1839 ).

Originally Linnville, its name was changed to honor Carl Linnaeus in 1840.

File: Carl Spitzweg 033. jpg | Der Schmetterlingsjäger ( The butterfly hunter ), a depiction from the era of butterfly collection ( 1840 )

In the 19th century, Karl Marx's contemporary, Carl Menger ( 1840 – 1921 ), proposed the " Theory of Subjective Wants ", wherein the behaviour of the market is explainable only in terms of the subjective wants of the buyer and the seller.

Mehmed Emin Pasha ( March 28, 1840 – October 23, 1892 ) — he was born Isaak Eduard Schnitzer and baptized ( c. 1847 ) Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer — was a physician, naturalist, and governor of the Egyptian province of Equatoria on the upper Nile.

* Carl Menger, Austrian Economist ( 1840 – 1921 ),

* Carl Ludvig Engel ( 1778 – 1840 ), German-born Estonian / Finnish architect

# Margarete Karoline Fredericka Cecilie Auguste Amalie Josephine Elisabeth Maria Johanna ( b. Dresden, 24 May 1840 – d. Monza, 15 September 1858 ), known as Margarete ; married on 4 November 1856 to Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria, her cousin.

Sir Charles ( Carl August von ) Alten ( 1764 – 1840 ), Hanoverian and British soldier, son of Baron Alten, a member of an old Hanoverian family, entered the service of the elector as a page at the age of twelve.

* Carl Menger ( 1840 – 1921 )

German jurist, Friedrich Carl von Savigny is usually credited with developing the will theory of contract in his work System des heutigen Römischen Rechts ( 1840 ).

Heiligenstadt around 1840, by Carl Duval

The Allerburg, a ruined castle at Bockelnhagen ; by Carl Duval, c. 1840

Carl Ludvig Engel, or Johann Carl Ludwig Engel ( 3 July 1778 – 4 May 1840 ), was a German architect known for his neoclassical ( empire ) style.

He could have come to rival Carl Vogel, but in 1868 he left the Gotha Institute to co-found his own firm, Wagner & Debes, which published one of the six famous families of German reference atlases E. Debes neuer Handatlas, later called Grosser Columbus Weltatlas ), Carl Barich, Arnim Welcker ( 1840 – 1859 ), Ludwig Friederichsen ( who worked on the Stieler and PGM from 1859 to 1863, and later founded the geographical society of Hamburg and became very active in German colonial politics.

* JP Krebs, Carl Sigonius ( 1840 ), including some Latin letters of Sigonius and a complete list of his works in chronological order

Carl Ferdinand von Roemer ( 5 January 1818 – 14 December 1891 ), German geologist, had originally been educated for the legal profession at Göttingen, but became interested in geology, and abandoning law in 1840, studied science at the University of Berlin, where he graduated Ph. D. in 1842.