His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.

He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagiellon.

Alexander was born as son of the King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland and Elisabeth Habsburg of Hungary, daughter of the King Albert of Hungary.

As the great grandson of the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon, and as a Duke in Prussia who was fluent in Polish, Albert Frederick was seriously considered for a time as a possible candidate for the Polish throne.

The Polish forces consisted of the mercenaries hired by the Polish king, Casimir IV the Jagiellon and the Hanseatic city of Danzig ( Gdańsk ).

Casimir IV may refer to:

* Casimir IV Jagiellon ( 1427 – 1492 ), Polish king

* Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania ( 1351 – 1377 )

# REDIRECT Casimir IV Jagiellon

His second daughter, Elisabeth, Duchess of Pomerania, bore a son in 1351, Casimir IV of Pomerania.

For assistance against the Order, the Confederation asked for help from King Casimir IV of Poland ; Casimir's subsequent claiming of Prussia led to the Thirteen Years ' War.

On 14 February 1479 at Frankfurt ( Oder ) he was married to Sophia of Poland ( 6 April 1464-5 October 1512 ), daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland by his wife Elisabeth of Habsburg, and sister of King Sigismund I of Poland.

He was born in Ansbach, the third of eight sons of Margrave Frederick the Elder and his wife Sophia of Poland, daughter of Casimir IV of Poland and Elisabeth of Habsburg.

George was married at Dresden, on 21 November 1496, to Barbara Jagiellon, daughter of Casimir IV, King of Poland and Elisabeth, daughter of Albrecht II of Hungary.

In the Baltic Sea region, Poland's struggle with the Teutonic Knights continued and included the Battle of Grunwald ( German: Battle of Tannenberg ; Lithuanian: Battle of Žalgiris ) ( 1410 ) and in 1466 the milestone Peace of Thorn under King Casimir IV Jagiellon ; the treaty created the future Duchy of Prussia.

* Hedwig Jagiellon ( 1457 – 1502 ), daughter of the King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland and Elisabeth Habsburg of Hungary.

Among them were Boleslaw IV the Curly, Mieszko III the Old, Casimir II the Just, Leszek I the White, Boleslaw V the Chaste, Leszek II the Black, Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high, and King of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, who united Lesser Poland in 1290 / 1291.

* 1454 – Thirteen Years ' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledge allegiance to King Casimir IV of Poland who agrees to commit his forces in aiding the Confederation's struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.

In 1454, the leader of the Confederation, Johannes von Baysen ( Jan Bażyński ), formally asked the King of Poland, Casimir IV Jagiellon, to incorporate Prussia into the Kingdom of Poland.

Gabriel von Baysen and Johannes von Baysen, now leading the confederation, requested the protection of King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland.

Other important works from his period in Poland were the tomb of Casimir IV in Wawel Cathedral, the marble tomb of Zbigniew Oleśnicki in Gniezno, and the altar of Saint Stanislaus.

He is shown chiseling at the tomb of King Casimir IV.

A member of the House of Hohenzollern, Wilhelm was the son of Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, the brother of Albert, Duke of Prussia, and the grandson of Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg and Casimir IV Jagiellon.

** Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland ( b. 1427 )

Soon after Jagiello accession to the Polish throne, Jagiello granted Vilnius a city charter like that of Kraków, modeled on the Magdeburg Law ; and Vytautas issued a privilege to a Jewish commune of Trakai on almost the same terms as privileges issued to the Jews of Poland in the reigns of Boleslaus the Pious and Casimir the Great.

King Casimir IV Jagiellon appointed Baysen as the first war-time governor of Royal Prussia.

According to the 1454 Incorporation Statute issued by King Casimir IV, Royal Prussia enjoyed substantial autonomy as part of the Crown of Poland, it had its own treasury and monetary unit and armies.

The most important additions to the royal collection were made by John II Casimir, a passionate collector of Dutch paintings, and a patron of Daniel Schultz ( who painted a famous portrait of a son of Crimean Aga Dedesh, and was made Royal falconer in reward for his father's contribution during the war with Russia in 1663 ).

On October 12, 1655, with permission of King John Casimir, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg signed the Treaty of Rinsk, in which Royal Prussian nobility agreed to allow Brandenburgian garrisons in their province to defend it against the Swedish invasion ( the treaty did not include the cities of Gdańsk, Elbląg and Toruń ).

Polish army commanders and King John Casimir, gathered in Poznań on November 26, decided to wait with the attack on Swedish forces in Royal Prussia until spring of 1658.

On 4 October, John II Casimir stormed Łęczyca in Greater Poland before heading for Royal Prussia, and on 8 October, Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski with 12, 000 to 13, 000 Lithuanian and Crimean Tartar cavalry overran a Brandenburgian-Swedish force in the Battle of Prostken in Ducal Prussia.

John II Casimir meanwhile took Bromberg ( Bydgoszcz ) and Konitz in Royal Prussia, and from 15 November 1656 until February 1657 stayed in Danzig, where a Swedish siege had to be lifted due to Dutch intervention, just 55 kilometers away from Charles X Gustav's quarters in Elbing.

Royal Casimir castle

In 1452 the Royal Castle in Koło was the place of meeting between King Casimir the Jagiellonian and the representatives of the Prussian Union ( see: the Thirteen Years ' War ).

The Confederation stipulated with the Polish king, Casimir IV Jagiellon, that the Polish Crown would be invested with the role of head of state of western parts of Prussia ( Royal Prussia ).

After the Thirteen Years ' War in the 1466 Second Peace of Thorn, the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon gained control over the Chełmno Land as part of Royal Prussia.

The " Under St. Casimir " House was erected in the 17th century and was owned alternately by Polish chemists and Armenian merchants.

Furthermore, Swedes remembered claims to their throne by Polish kings Sigismund III Vasa and his sons Władysław IV Vasa and John II Casimir, who themselves belonged to the House of Vasa.

He offered Stephen the hand of his wife's distant relative, Elizabeth of Kuyavia, daughter of Duke Casimir II of Kuyavia and received from the King as a gift with the marriage the lands to the west formerly held by Mladen I Šubić Bribirski and Usora and Soli in the north formerly held by Stephen Dragutin and his son, Vladislav II of the House of Nemanja.

Christopher M. Clark says that John Casimir of Poland was on the one hand " eager to separate Brandenburg from Sweden and to neutralize it as a military threat " when Poland-Lithuania was threatened by the Tsardom of Russia, and on the other hand was ready to accept the Hohenzollerns ' demands due to pressure by the House of Habsburg, who after the emperor's incidental death earlier that year needed to secure the elector's vote, and whose " urgings [...] carried a considerable weight, since the Poles were counting on Austrian assistance in the event of a renewed Swedish or Russian attack.

Pfalzgraf John Casimir was born in Simmern, the third son of Frederick III, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, of the Simmern middle electoral line of the House of Wittelsbach.