The combined Cassini – Huygens spacecraft was launched from Earth on October 15, 1997.

CRAF was to be launched aboard a Titan IV-Centaur rocket in August 1995, but as of February 1991 the launch date was swapped with Cassini and CRAF's launch was moved back to February 1996.

Her work contributed to the 1997 flight to Saturn of the Cassini probe, which was launched by the Centaur.

The " Competitors " Collection menswear campaign was also launched by Cassini.

Cassini spacecraft was launched in 1997, and arrived in 2004, making the first measurements in more than two decades.

* 1997 – The Cassini probe launches from Cape Canaveral on its way to Saturn.

* Cassini – Huygens – 15 October 1997 – First Saturn orbiter and first outer planet lander

Besides its use by the Air Force to launch its sequence of very heavy reconnaissance satellites, one Titan IV, with a powerful Centaur rocket upper stage, was used to launch the heavy Cassini space probe to the planet Saturn in 1997.

However, Congressionally imposed reductions to FY 1992-93 funding requirements forced NASA to terminate the CRAF mission and to delay the Cassini launch from April 1996 to October 1997.

In order to save it, NASA was forced to significantly redesign Cassini to reduce the total program cost, mass and power requirements, while maintaining the October 1997 launch aboard a Titan IV launch vehicle.

It was almost exclusively used to launch U. S. Military payloads, though it was also used to launch NASA's Cassini probe to Saturn in 1997.

Astronomers use the Julian calendar for years before 1582, including this year 0, and the Gregorian calendar for years after 1582 as exemplified by Jacques Cassini ( 1740 ), Simon Newcomb ( 1898 ) and Fred Espenak ( 2007 ).

Finally, in 1740 the French astronomer Jacques Cassini, who is traditionally credited with the invention of year zero, completed the transition in his Tables astronomiques, simply labeling this year 0, which he placed at the end of Julian years labeled avant Jesus-Christ ( before Jesus Christ or BC ), and immediately before Julian years labeled après Jesus-Christ ( after Jesus Christ or AD ).

Space probes have been placed into orbit around all the five planets known to the ancients: first Mars ( Mariner 9, 1971 ), then Venus ( Venera 9, 1975 ; but landings on Venus and atmospheric probes were performed even earlier ), Jupiter ( Galileo, 1995 ), Saturn ( Cassini / Huygens, 2004 ), and most recently Mercury ( MESSENGER, March 2011 ), and have returned data about these bodies and their natural satellites.

* Ion and Neutral Camera ( INCA ), an instrument aboard the Cassini – Huygens spacecraft

Among the Laboratory's current major active projects are the Mars Science Laboratory mission ( which includes the Curiosity rover ), the Cassini – Huygens mission orbiting Saturn, the Mars Exploration Rovers ( Spirit and Opportunity ), the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Dawn mission to the dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid Vesta, the Juno spacecraft en route to Jupiter, the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory ( GRAIL ) mission to the Moon, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array ( NuSTAR ) X-ray telescope, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Some radioisotope thermoelectric generators have been created to power space probes ( for example, the Cassini probe ), some lighthouses in the former Soviet Union, and some pacemakers.

Ten centuries after Bede, the French astronomers Philippe de la Hire ( in the year 1702 ) and Jacques Cassini ( in the year 1740 ), purely to simplify certain calculations, put the Julian Dating System ( proposed in the year 1583 by Joseph Scaliger ) and with it an astronomical era into use, which contains a leap year zero, which precedes the year 1 ( AD ) but does not exactly coincide with the year 1 BC.

** Giovanni Domenico Cassini ( 1625 – 1712 ), also known as Jean-Dominique Cassini, Italian-French astronomer

** Jacques Cassini ( 1677 – 1756 ), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico

** César-François Cassini de Thury ( 1714 – 1784 ), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques, who developed the Cassini projection

** Jean-Dominique de Cassini ( 1748 – 1845 ), first Count Cassini, French astronomer and cartographer, son of César-François

** Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini ( 1781 – 1832 ), known as Henri Cassini, French botanist, youngest son of Jean-Dominique

** Igor Cassini ( 1915 – 2002 ), American gossip columnist, writing as " Cholly Knickerbocker "

** Oleg Cassini ( 1913 – 2006 ), American fashion designer

Colbert has the honour of having founded the Academy of Sciences ( now part of the Institut de France ), the Paris Observatory, which he employed Claude Perrault to build and brought Giovanni Domenico Cassini ( 1625 – 1712 ) from Italy to superintend, the Academies of Inscriptions and Medals, of Architecture and of Music, the French Academy at Rome, and Academies at Arles, Soissons, Nîmes and many other towns.

The Quartet in its earlier manifestation, with Humphreys, Keenlyside, Forbes and Simpson, sometimes appears on vinyl under a ' Revolution Records ' label ( a form of the Delta Records label, made and distributed by RCA, not to be confused with the 1996 label of that name ), as for instance in a recording of the Elgar piano quintet with Leonard Cassini, Revolution LP RCB. 8.

** NASA launches the Cassini – Huygens probe to Saturn.

File: Saturn's moons Janus and Prometheus PIA08192 ( NASA ). jpg | Janus and Prometheus lie above and below Saturn's rings in this Cassini image from 2006-04-29.

In 2010, NASA revealed a temperature map of Mimas, using images obtained by Cassini.

* NASA Cassini

* Narrow Angle Camera, one of two cameras which form part of the Imaging Science Subsystem in the NASA Cassini orbiter

CRAF and Cassini missions were a collaborative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the federal space agencies of Germany and Italy, as well as the United States Air Force and the United States Department of Energy.

The NASA Cassini probe flew by Iapetus on 2007 September, and the images are helping to clarify the nature of Cassini Regio.

Amid this negative climate and seeing no future for themselves after the permanent shutdown of the space program or for the decadent future of humanity, a small team of scientists and astronauts must persuade NASA to fund a manned mission to Titan in order to confirm findings of life from the Cassini and to rejuvenate interest in space exploration to the world.

* NASA publishes pictures taken by the Cassini spacecraft showing a feature that could be a lake of liquid methane or ethane, close to the southern pole of Titan.

* Cassini – Huygens-level science from NASA ’ s “ Neptune orbiter with probes ” vision mission ( PDF )

This is especially the case with the NASA / ESA Cassini mission to Saturn and its moons.

* Mars Pathfinder, Mars Exploration Rover and the Cassini probe to Saturn use a k of 15 and a rate of 1 / 6 ; this code performs about 2 dB better than the simpler k = 7 code at a cost of 256 × in decoding complexity ( compared to Voyager mission codes ).

The 6. 7-year transit was slightly longer than the six years needed for a Hohmann transfer, but cut the total amount of delta V needed to about 2 km / s, so that the large and heavy Cassini probe was able to reach Saturn, which would not have been possible in a direct transfer even with the Titan IV, the largest launch vehicle available at the time.

Note also that the minimum speed achieved during Saturnian orbit is more or less equal to Saturn's own orbital velocity, which is the ~ 5 km / s velocity which Cassini matched to enter orbit.

( http :// www. ciclops. org / view_event / 178 / Lightning_Flashing_in_Daylight ) Though three visiting spacecrafts – Pioneer 11 in 1979, Voyager 1 in 1980 and Voyager 2 in 1981, failed to provide any convincing evidence from optical observations, in July of 2012 the Cassini spacecraft detected visible lightning flashes, and electromagnetic sensors aboard the spacecraft detected signatures that are characteristic of lightning.

The first two missions of the project were to be a mission to Saturn and its moon Titan, the Saturn Orbiter / Titan Probe, or SOTP ( later Cassini ) and the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby ( CRAF ), both of which were approved by Congress in 1990.

*" On the CRAF / Cassini Mission " by DDr.

* Cassini – Huygens Multimedia: The Clump / Moon Mystery September 5, 2005 ( images of the clumps and / or moons seen around the F ring by Cassini cameras )

Polydeuces was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Team on October 24, 2004, in images taken on October 21, 2004, and given the temporary designation S / 2004 S 5.

" The period of this star has been settled by Maraldi and Cassini at 405 days ; but from a mean of the observations of Mr. Pigot, it appears to be only 392, or at most 396-7 / 8 days.