* Check valves are one-way valves, allowing an accumulator to charge and maintain its pressure after the machine is turned off, for example.

Check valves are used in many fluid systems such as those in chemical and power plants, and in many other industrial processes.

Check valves used in domestic heating systems to prevent vertical convection, especially in combination with solar thermal installations, also are called gravity brake.

* Check SFV-SFV software for UNIX systems

* Monitoring of host resources ( processor load, disk usage, system logs ) on a majority of network operating systems, including Microsoft Windows with the NSClient ++ plugin or Check MK.

* Check the security systems of the help desk.

A CBC Marketplace report filmed in 2007 was critical of the program, showing some Health Check certified products with sodium and sugar levels that were beyond the recommended levels of other food-rating systems.

# Swaps are contracts to exchange cash ( flows ) on or before a specified future date based on the underlying value of currencies exchange rates, bonds / interest rates, commodities exchange, stocks or other assets.

* empirically tested a model of organizational learning that encompassed both stocks and flows of knowledge across three levels of analysis: individual, team and organization.

Results showed a negative and statistically significant relationship between the misalignment of stocks and flows and organizational performance.

Antecedents are prior-based knowledge ( knowledge stocks and knowledge flows ) and communication.

What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and flows.

Dynamic Stock and flow diagramEconomics, business, accounting, and related fields often distinguish between quantities that are stocks and those that are flows.

However, one may meaningfully take ratios of stocks and flows, or multiply or divide them.

Thus stocks and flows are the basic building blocks of system dynamics models.

Jay Forrester originally referred to them as " levels " ( for stocks ) and " rates " ( for flows ).

Polish economist Michał Kalecki emphasized the centrality of the distinction of stocks and flows, caustically calling economics " the science of confusing stocks with flows " in his critique of the quantity theory of money ( circa 1936, frequently quoted by Joan Robinson ).

What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and flows.

In measuring debt, stocks and flows are both of interest: stocks are amounts, levels of debt ( e. g., $ 100 ) and have units of currency ( such as US Dollars ), while flows are changes in levels – in calculus terms, the derivative – ( e. g., $ 10 / year ), and have units of currency / time ( such as US Dollars / Year ).

They present both flows ( measured over a period ) and stocks ( measured at the end of a period ), ensuring that the flows are reconciled with the stocks.

... an economy with constant stocks of people and artifacts, maintained at some desired, sufficient levels by low rates of maintenance " throughput ", that is, by the lowest feasible flows of matter and energy from the first stage of production to the last stage of consumption.

The model is used to show stocks and flows of resources as they relate to a sustainable society and economy.

Because intermediates only function to maintain the image information accurately across duplication, each manufacturer tends to only produce one or two different intermediate stocks.

The International Tin Council was an organisation which acted on behalf of the principal tin producers in Cornwall and Malaysia to buy up surplus tin stocks to maintain the price at a steady level.

Valorization, government intervention to maintain coffee prices by withholding stocks from the market or restricting plantings, then proved to be unsustainable, incapable of curbing insurmountable decline in coffee prices in world markets.

Tokyo stocks dropped 1. 72 % largely due to investor fears that the TSE could not maintain an orderly markets.

Much discussion has occurred regarding the optimum capital gains tax rate, with some advocates calling for tax cuts in the belief that a lower rate ( e. g., under 25 %) will provide an incentive to investors to sell old stocks and invest in new stocks — which supply siders maintain encourages the creation of new jobs, reduces unemployment, and has the paradoxical effect of increasing tax revenues more or less immediately, an idea first proposed by economist Arthur Laffer while an advisor to Ronald Reagan ( See Laffer curve ).

* " There is surely a better way for governments to spend money than by paying subsidies to a fleet that burns 1. 1 billion litres of fuel annually to maintain paltry catches of old growth fish from highly vulnerable stocks, while destroying their habitat in the process " – Pauly.

Although the penalty imposed by Lincoln Assizes was small, they ceased this trade, and the coal merchants agreed to maintain stocks of 2, 660 tons at Grantham.

In 2007, researchers from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ( ICCAT )— the regulators of Atlantic bluefin fishing — recommended a global quota of 15, 000 tonnes to maintain current stocks or 10, 000 tonnes to allow the fisheries recovery.

:: maintain stocks at highest net recruitment level and if below that ensure they move towards it.

*§ 712: Treaty and convention implementing regulations ; seasonal taking of migratory birds for essential needs of indigenous Alaskans to preserve and maintain stocks of the birds ; protection and conservation of the birds

* Transfer of ownership ( securities markets transfer existing stocks and bonds from owners who no longer desire to maintain their investments to buyers who wish to increase those specific investments.

They maintain a consistent buy-and-hold style, tending to let their winning stocks compound returns over longer periods of time.

The United States armed forces maintain special stocks of ribavirin to protect personnel deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq from CCHF.

Capability development, which is often referred to as the military " strength ", is arguably one of the most complex activities known to humanity because it requires determining: Strategic, operational and tactical capability requirements to counter the identified threats ; Strategic, operational and tactical doctrines by which the acquired capabilities will be used ; identifying concepts, methods and systems involved in executing the doctrines ; creating design specifications for the manufacturers who would produce these in adequate quantity and quality for their use in combat ; purchase the concepts, methods and systems ; create a forces structure that would use the concepts, methods and systems most effectively and efficiently ; integrate these concepts, methods and systems into the force structure by providing military education, training, and practice that preferably resembles combat environment of intended use ; create military logistics systems to allow continued and uninterrupted performance of military organisations under combat conditions, including provision of health services to the personnel and maintenance for the equipment ; the services to assist recovery of wounded personnel and repair of damaged equipment ; and finally post-conflict demobilisation and disposal of war stocks surplus to peacetime requirements.

Advancements in film emulsion and grain structure provided a wide range of available film stocks.

The REIT structure was designed to provide a real estate investment structure similar to the structure mutual funds provide for investment in stocks.

Synthetic base stocks as described above are man-made and tailored to have a controlled molecular structure with predictable properties, unlike mineral base oils, which are complex mixtures of naturally occurring hydrocarbons.

Cod stocks crashed in the 1990s which resulted in increases in their prey such as shrimp and snow crab Human intervention in ecosystems has resulted in dramatic changes to ecosystem structure and function.

In some early PBM systems, six sided dice rolling was simulated by designating a specific stock and a future date and once that date passed, the players would determine an actions outcome using the sales in hundreds value for specific stocks on a specific date and then dividing the NYSE published sales in hundreds by six, using the remainder as the dice result.

It neglects to assign any value to the largest stocks of capital it employs-the natural resources and living systems, as well as the social and cultural systems that are the basis of human capital.

Automated driverless systems are not exclusively rubber-tyred ; many have since been built using conventional rail technology, such as London's Docklands Light Railway, the Copenhagen metro and Vancouver's SkyTrain, the Disneyland Resort Line which uses converted rolling stocks from non-driverless trains, as well as AirTrain JFK which is linking JFK Airport in New York City with local subway and commuter trains.

The systems by which stocks are traded have also evolved, the second half of the twentieth century having seen the advent of electronic communication networks ( ECNs ).

This species does not undertake extensive migrations within or between river systems, which has presumably influenced establishment of genetically distinct stocks in Northern Australia.

While expressing the will of " not copy the western capitalist systems with their drawbacks and inequities ", the 10th Point of the Proclamation argued in favor of privatization ( expressed ideally under the form of " distributing the stocks equally among the workers, the state keeping only those funds that may ensure the control of the activity ") and immediate investments in the public sector ( as a means to prevent the consequences of inflation ).

On September 3, 2009, the Norwegian Pension Fund's ethical council decided to sell the fund's stocks in Elbit due to the corporations supply of surveillance systems for the Israeli West Bank barrier.

The stocks of books in Moon type and Lucas systems had mostly been presented to the Library and some of the Braille books had been purchased on special terms from the Royal National Institute of Blind People which was known as the British and Foreign Blind Society at the time.

With the goal to increase popular access to the stock markets, Bovespa introduced in 1999 the " Home Broker ", an internet-based trading systems that allows individual investors to trade stocks.

* Pro stocks are limited to dual 4-barrel carburetor ( naturally aspirated ) intake systems.

< http :// www. dec. org / pdf_docs / PNACJ113. pdf ></ ref > Increased fish stocks resulting from marine protected areas only add to the solutions needed to revitalize Southeast Asian economies, life systems, and coral reefs.

This kind of movement leads to some genetic interchange between river systems and is important in maintaining a high degree of genetic homogeneity (" sameness ") in Australian bass stocks and preventing speciation.