Another Young Hegelian, Karl Marx, was at first sympathetic with this strategy of attacking Christianity to undermine the Prussian establishment, but later formed divergent ideas and broke with the Young Hegelians, attacking their views in works such as The German Ideology.

Shermer's embrace of scientific skepticism crystallized during his time as a cyclist, explaining, " I became a skeptic on Saturday, August 6, 1983, on the long climbing road to Loveland Pass, Colorado " after months of training under the guidance of a " nutritionist " with an unaccredited Ph. D. After years of practicing acupuncture, chiropractic, massage therapy, negative ions, rolfing, pyramid power, fundamentalist Christianity, and " a host of weird things " ( with the exception of drugs ) to improve his life and training, Shermer stopped rationalizing the failure of these practices.

# KIM Han-sik, ' The Influence of Christianity ', < u > Korean Journal </ u > XXIII, 12, December 1983, p. 5.

* Christianity the Logic of Creation ( 1857 ) AMS Press 1983 reprint: ISBN 0-404-10080-5

Kraft's published books include Confronting Powerless Christianity ( 2002 ), Culture, Communication and Christianity ( 2001 ), I Give You Authority ( 1997 ), Anthropology for Christian Witness ( 1996 ), Deep Wounds, Deep Healing ( 1994 ), Defeating Dark Angels ( 1992 ), Communication Theory for Christian Witness ( 1983, 1991 ), and Christianity in Culture ( 1979, revised 2005 ).

Bentley Layton ( born 1941 ), is Professor of Religious Studies ( Ancient Christianity ) and Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations ( Coptic ) at Yale University ( since 1983 ).

Since 1983 it has focused on such issues as fundamentalism in Christianity and Islam, humanistic alternatives to religious ethics, and religious sources of political violence.

What that spirit and attitude were we can best understand if we see more precisely how it contrasts with the communist tradition with the longest continuous history, the one which reached Christianity by the way of Stoicism through the Church Fathers of Late Antiquity.

This is not to say that the only explanation of the present infatuation with Norman Vincent Peale's `` cult of reassurance '' or the other types of a purely cultural Christianity is the ever-present need for a demythologized gospel.

We have aligned ourselves with that `` liberal '' tradition in Protestant Christianity that counts among the great names in its history those of Schleiermacher, Ritschl, Herrmann, Harnack, and Troeltsch, and more recently, Schweitzer and the early Barth and, in part at least, Bultmann.

What we can attempt with some hope of dependable conclusions is to point out the manner in which Christianity entered into particular aspects of the life of the nation.

These thinkers blended Aristotelian philosophy with Christianity, bringing the thought of Ancient Greece into the Middle Ages.

In Britain, anthropology had a great intellectual impact, it " contributed to the erosion of Christianity, the growth of cultural relativism, an awareness of the survival of the primitive in modern life, and the replacement of diachronic modes of analysis with synchronic, all of which are central to modern culture.

Christianity and Judaism employ the concept of paradox synonymously with ' ambiguity '.

This article is intended to present facts related to the role and history associated with abbots in Christianity.

Christianity depicts a sharp distinction between angels, divine beings created by God before the creation of humanity and are used as messengers, and saints, the souls of humans who have received immortality from the grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ of Nazareth, who dwell in Heaven with God.

Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures.

Some historians define and minimize the Arian conflict as the exclusive construct of Arius and a handful of rogue bishops engaging in heresy ; but others recognize Arius as a defender of ' original ' Christianity, or as providing a conservative response against the politicization of Christianity seeking union with the Roman Empire.

However, this was not successful, for according to Gregory of Tours, Amalaric pressured her to forsake her Roman Catholic faith and convert to Arian Christianity, at one point beating her until she bled ; she sent to her brother Childebert I, king of Paris a towel stained with her own blood.

Use of runes subsides with the advance of Christianity.

Three years he was occupied in campaigns against the Slavic Wends, who as pagans were considered fair game, and whose subjugation to Christianity was the aim of the Wendish Crusade of 1147 in which Albert took part ; diplomatic measures were more successful, and by an arrangement made with the last of the Wendish princes of Brandenburg, Pribislav of the Hevelli, Albert secured this district when the prince died in 1150.

One of the terms of the surrender was that Guthrum convert to Christianity ; and three weeks later the Danish king and 29 of his chief men were baptised at Alfred's court at Aller, near Athelney, with Alfred receiving Guthrum as his spiritual son.

Some scholars believe that the apologetic view of Luke ’ s work is overemphasized and that it should not be regarded as a “ major aim of the Lucan writings .” While Munck believes that purpose of Luke ’ s work is not that clear-cut and sympathizes with other claims, he believes that Luke ’ s work can function as an apology only in the sense that it “ presents a defense of Christianity and Paul ” and may serve to “ clarify the position of Christianity within Jewry and within the Roman Empire .” Pervo disagrees that Luke ’ s work is an apology and even that it could possibly be addressed to Rome because he believes that “ Luke and Acts speak to insiders, believers in Jesus .” Freedman believes that Luke is writing an apology but that his goal is “ not to defend the Christian movement as such but to defend God ’ s ways in history .”

Pervo sees Luke ’ s work as a “ legitimizing narrative ” because it makes “ a case by telling a story ( or stories )” and serves to legitimate either “ Pauline Christianity ( possibly in rivalry to other interpretations ) or generally as the claim of the Jesus-movement to possess the Israelite heritage .” On the other hand, some scholars greatly disagree with the view of legitimation because they believe that it “ mirror-reads ” Luke ’ s work attempting to uncover the circumstances surrounding Luke ’ s work by over-arguing something that may not be that valid.

Many who side with this view disagree that Luke portrays Christianity or the Roman Empire as harmless and thus reject the apologetic view because “ Acts does not present Christians as politically harmless or law abiding for there are a large number of public controversies concerning Christianity, particularly featuring Paul .” For example, to support this view Cassidy references how Paul is accused of going against the Emperor because he is “ saying that there is another king named Jesus .” ( Acts 17: 7 ) Furthermore, there are multiple examples of Paul ’ s preaching causing uprisings in various cities ( Acts 14: 2 ; 14: 19 ; 16: 19-23 ; 17: 5 ; 17: 13-14 ; 19: 28-40 ; 21: 27 ).

Whereas the members of Jewish Christianity were circumcised and adhered to dietary laws, the Pauline Christianity featured in Acts did not require Gentiles to be circumcised or to obey all of the Mosaic laws, which is consistent with Noahide Law.

Without apostles or prophets left on the earth with the legitimate Priesthood Authority, the true teachings and practices of Christianity were lost.

Major movements within American conservatism include support for tradition, law-and-order, Christianity, anti-communism, and a defense of " Western civilization from the challenges of modernist culture and totalitarian governments.

The HarperCollins Concise Guide to World Religion: The A-to-Z Encyclopedia of All the Major Religious Traditions ( 1999 ) covers 33 principal religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Jainism, Judaism, Islam, Shinto, Shamanism, Taoism, South American religions, Baltic and Slavic religions, Confucianism, and the religions of Africa and Oceania.

Major faiths that incorporate ritual washing ( ablution ) include Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Rastafari movement, Shinto, Taoism, and Wicca.

Major religions are Theravada Buddhism and Baptist Christianity, but other religions such as animism, Hinduism and Islam are also practised.

Major focuses for these theologians during the period are in chronological order: Christianity's relationship with Judaism ; the establishment of the New Testament Canon ; Apologetics (' defense ' or ' explanation ' of Christianity ); and doctrinal discussions that sought to achieve consistency of faith, in particular within the Christianised Roman Empire.

Major religions in France include the Catholic Church, various Protestant churches, Judaism, Russian Orthodoxy, and Armenian Christianity, Islam amongst others, making it a multiconfessional country.

* Elliott, T. G. The Christianity of Constantine the Great.

Universalist writers such as George T. Knight have claimed that Universalism was a widely held view among theologians in Early Christianity However, some examples, such as Origen and Clement of Alexandria, used by Knight and other Universalist writers are contested by writers such as Crouzel, Root, Norris, and Itter.

The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edition ( London: B. T. Batsford Ltd, 1991 ).

* Elliott, T. G. The Christianity of Constantine the Great.

The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edition ( London: B. T. Batsford Ltd, 1991 )

In charismatic Christianity, deliverance ministries are activities carried out by individuals or groups aimed at solving problems related to demons and spirits, especially possession of the body and soul, but not the spirit as ministries like Ellel Ministries International, Don Dickerman Ministries and Neil T. Anderson explicitly teach that a Christian can not have demons in their spirit because the Holy Spirit lives there, though they can have demons in their body or soul due to inner emotional wounds, sexual abuse, satanic ritual abuse.

Significant religious festivals are the T ' imk ' et Festival ( known as the Epiphany in western Christianity ) on 7 January and the Festival of Maryam Zion in late November.

* Phillips, Paul T. A Kingdom on Earth: Anglo-American Social Christianity, 1880-1940.

It was traditionally claimed by some western scholars such as the Universalist historian George T. Knight ( 1911 ) and Pierre Batiffol ( English translation 1914 ) that a form of universal salvation could be found among some theologians in early Christianity.

During the 19th and early 20th centuries several histories published by Universalists, including Hosea Ballou ( 1829 ), Thomas Whittemore ( 1830 ), John Wesley Hanson ( 1899 ) and George T. Knight ( 1911 ), argued that belief in universal reconciliation was found in early Christianity and in the Reformation, and ascribed Universalist beliefs to Origen, Clement of Alexandria, and others.

At the age of 21, he entreated Captain William T. Savory, of Salem, Massachusetts, commander of the brig Berlin, for safe passage to the United States, in order to further study Western science and Christianity.

* Newell, Keith ( 1997 ) " Charismatic Communitarianism and the Jesus Fellowship ", in S. Hunt, M. Hamilton & T. Walter ( eds ), Charismatic Christianity, Sociological Perspectives ( Basingstoke: Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press ), 236pp.

* Wright, Nigel ( 1997 ) " The Nature and Variety of Restorationism and the ' House Church ' Movement ", in S. Hunt, M. Hamilton & T. Walter ( eds ), Charismatic Christianity, Sociological Perspectives ( Basingstoke: Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press ), 236pp.

* Stephen Goranson, " Celsus of Pergamum: Locating a Critic of Early Christianity ," in D. R. Edwards and C. T. McCollough ( eds ), The Archaeology of Difference: Gender, Ethnicity, Class and the " Other " in Antiquity: Studies in Honor of Eric M. Meyers ( Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2007 ) ( Information Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 60 / 61 ).

* Gidney, W. T., Joseph Wolff, ( Biographies of eminent Hebrew Christians ), London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews, 1903

He viewed this question as traditional within Christianity and likely drew some inspiration from William T. Stead's If Christ came to Chicago!

According to one theory given by John T. Koch, these changes coincide with the conversion to Christianity and the introduction of Latin learning.

* Allis, Oswald T., " Robert Dick Wilson -- Defender of God's Word " Christianity Today, December 1930.

* Wright, N. T. Judas and the Gospel of Jesus: Have we Missed the Truth about Christianity?

George T. Knight in the first five or six centuries of Christianity, there were six known theological schools, of which four ( Alexandria, Antioch, Caesarea, and Edessa ) were universalist.