The White Mountain Apache, including the Cibecue and Bylas groups of the Western Apache, called them Ha ’ i ’ ą ́ há ( meaning ' Eastern Sunrise ").

In the 1930s, the anthropologist Grenville Goodwin classified the Western Apache into five groups ( based on his informants ' views of dialect and cultural differences ): White Mountain, Cibecue, San Carlos, North Tonto, and South Tonto.

* Cibecue is one of Goodwin's Western Apache groups, living to the north of the Salt River between the Tonto and White Mountain groups, consisting of Ceder Creek, Carrizo, and Cibecue ( proper ) bands.

He reported five groups for the Western Apache: Northern Tonto, Southern Tonto, Cibecue, San Carlos, and White Mountain.

* White Mountain Apache of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation ( Dzil Łigai Si ' án Ndee-‘ People of the White Mountains ’, Spanish: Sierra Blanca Apache, ranged from the White Mountains in the north over the Gila Mountains south to the Pinaleno Mountains, lived and planted along the East Fork and North Fork of the White River, Turkey Creek, Black River and the Gila River, most isolated and eastern Western Apache group ), a federally recognized tribe, including the Tca-tci-dn or " Dischiidn " (“ red rock strata people ”) clan of chief Pedro's Carrizo band of the Cibecue Apaches, who were not forced to move to San Carlos in 1875

** Canyon Creek band ( Gołkizhn-‘ Spotted on Top People ’, likely refers to a mountain that is spotted with junipers, lived along Canyon Creek, a tributary of the Salt River in the Mogollon Rim area, western band of the Cibecue Apache )

** Carrizo band ( Tłʼohkʼadigain, Tłʼohkʼadigain Bikoh Indee-‘ Canyon of the Row of White Canes People ’, lived along Carrizo Creek, a tributary of the Salt River, eastern band of the Cibecue Apache )

** Cibecue band ( Dziłghą ́ ʼé, Dził Tʼaadn or Dził Tʼaadnjiʼ-‘ Base of Mountain People / Side of Mountain People ’, lived along Cibecue Creek, a tributary of the Salt River, middle or central band of the Cibecue Apache )

* San Carlos Apache of the San Carlos Reservation ( Tsékʼáádn-“ Metate People ”, lived on both sides of the San Pedro River and in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson ), a federally recognized tribe composed of the San Carlos Apache proper and several groups of the Cibecue Apache ( excluding the Tca-tci-dn (“ red rock strata people ”) clan of the Carrizo band ), some Tonto Apache, Lipan as well Chiricahua Apache peoples.

c. 1850-1875, chief of the Nadostusn clan ( Nddohots ' osn, Ndhodits or Naagodolts ' oosri-“ slender peak standing up people ”) as of the entire Eastern White Mountain Apache band, most respected and prominent Eastern White Mountain Apache chief in history, he maintained alliances with Hopi and Zuni, offered land for the establishment of Camp Apache ( later Fort Apache ), Pedro and his Carrizo band of Cibecue Apaches got permission from him to settle near later Fort Apache on White Mountain Apache territory, he and his band were generally ill disposed toward Cibecue Apache bands of Miguel, Diablo and Pedro, who had enlisted as Apache Scouts in 1871 and were scouting against “ troublemakers ” of Esh-kel-dah-sila's band )

The Cibecue affair touched off a regional Apache uprising, in which the leading men of the Chiricahua bands, such as Naiche ( c. 1857-1919 ), Juh ( c. 1825 – Nov. 1883 ), and Geronimo ( June 16, 1829 – Feb. 17, 1909 ), left the reservation and went to war in Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.

In the most common sense, includes Northern Tonto, Southern Tonto, Cibecue, White Mountain and San Carlos groups.

-† 1871, Chief of the dominant local group and clan of the Carrizo band, during the 1850s and 1860s most prominent Carrizo chief, in 1869 Miguel and his younger brother Diablo initiated relations between Americans and the Cibecue and White Mountain Apaches, which led to the establishment of Fort Apache ( first as Camp Apache in 1870 ).

He supplied recruits for the first unit of Apache Scouts in 1871, because the Cibecue Apaches were forced to settle near Camp Apache on White Mountain Apache territory in spring 1874, he was killed shortly after during a feud with White Mountain Apaches, after that, Diablo took over leadership from his deceased older brother and avenged his death )

Aug. 1880, after the death of his older brother Chief Miguel in 1874 during a feud with the White Mountain Apaches, he became the most prominent chief of the Carrizo band, in the fall of 1874 he enlisted as Scout and was promoted to sergeant, in January 1876 he and his band together with other Cibecue Apache bands were forced to move onto the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, only Pedro's band was allowed to stay at Fort Apache-which led to ill feelings towards the latter, therefore Diablo's band attacked on August, 30, 1880 Pedro's band near Fort Apache, which resulted in the killing of Diablo himself, not to be confused with Esh-kel-dah-sila, the most prominent Eastern White Mountain Apache chief at this time )

1835-† 1885, chief of the Tca-tci-dn clan ( also Cacidn, Tea-tci-dn or Tsee hachiidn-“ red rock strata people ”) and local group of the Carrizo band, during a clan dispute in the early 1850s he was driven off the Carrizo Creek by Miguel, was allowed by the great Eastern White Mountain Apache chief Esh-kel-dah-sila after two years to settle near Fort Apache, Pedro's band intermarried with the White Mountain Apaches and were therefore classed as White Mountain Apaches, however they retained close clan ties with the Carrizo band of the Cibecue Apaches, he and his segundo ( or war chief ) Yclenny together with White Mountain Apache chiefs Alchesay and Petone killed August, 30, 1880 Diablo, ( oft mistaken for Esh-kel-dah-sila, the most prominent Eastern White Mountain Apache chief at this time ) in selfdefense, in revenge for the death of Diablo he was shot through both knees but survived, only Petone was mortally wounded, was a constant friend of the Americans )

The following day, the native army attacked Fort Apache in reprisal for the death of Nochaydelklinne, who was killed during the fighting at Cibecue Creek.

Eventually he became fluent in Spanish, Navajo, Apache, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Paiute, Shoshone, and Ute.

By 1800 the Spanish population had reached 25, 000, but Apache and Comanche raids on Hispanic settlers were common until well into the period of U. S. occupation.

Their encounters were preceded by more than 100 years of Spanish colonial and Mexican incursions and settlement on the Apache lands.

Today they use the word Chidikáágu ( derived from the Spanish word Chiricahua ) to refer to the Chiricahua in general, and the word Indé, to refer to the Apache in general.

The Spanish referred to the Apache band by the same name of Tsebekinéndé.

( 2004 ) Before the Spanish Chronicles: Early Apache in the Southern Southwest, pp. 120 – 142.

( 2007 ) Apache, Spanish, and Protohistoric Archaeology on Fort Bliss.

Apache County is one of only 38 county-level census divisions of the United States where the most spoken language is not English and one of only 3 where it is neither English nor Spanish.

9. 84 % reported speaking Spanish at home, while 6. 29 % speak Western Apache.

21. 86 % reported speaking Spanish at home, while 1. 44 % speak O ' odham and 0. 02 % speak Apache.

* 1762-1771 Looking for protection from Comanches, Lipan Apache chief El Gran Cabezón persuades Franciscans and the Spanish military to establish San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz Mission on the Nueces River.

The area of present-day La Salle County was occupied by the Coahuiltecan Indians until the 18th century, when they were squeezed out by the Spanish from the south and the Apache from the north.

* 1762 Looking for protection from Comanches, Lipan Apache chief El Gran Cabezón persuades Franciscans and the Spanish military to establish San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz Mission on the Nueces River.

With no protection of Spanish troops, Socorro was destroyed and the remaining Piro were killed by the Apache and other tribes.

Although the area had long been a popular watering hole for Native Americans and other prehistoric residents and nomads, including members of the more recently established Jumano, Apache, and Comanche tribes, the first European to view the site now known as Big Spring was probably a member of a Spanish expedition, possibly that of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, although the record of his travels cannot confirm his visit.

To counter the early Apache raids on Spanish settlements, presidios were established at Janos ( 1685 ) in Chihuahua and at Fronteras ( 1690 ) in northern Opata country.

Many of the Apache had been at war the Spanish and Mexicans for almost three centuries when the US annexed present-day Arizona and New Mexico in 1848.

Apache Indians lived in Palo Duro at the time, but they were later displaced by Comanche and Kiowa tribes, who had the advantage of owning horses brought over by the Spanish.

The region inhabited by the Apache had experienced strife and tension between the Apache and European settlers beginning with Spanish occupation around 1600 until the greater part of the area was acquired by the United States in 1850, which ushered in a brief period of relative peace.

He learned Spanish, English, and later both the Ute and Apache languages, which he found helpful in negotiating treaties.

The last of the great military leaders of the native peoples of the region was an Apache of Spanish ancestry named Alzate, who was active as late as the late 1860s.

The word Apache entered English via Spanish, but the ultimate origin is uncertain.

Over the centuries, many Spanish, French and / or English-speaking authors did not differentiate between Apache and other seminomadic non-Apache peoples who might pass through the same area.

He includes Chicame ( the earlier term for Hispanized Chicano or New Mexicans of Spanish / Hispanic and Apache descent ) among them as having definite Apache connections or names which the Spanish associated with the Apache.