Second-in-command to the Warlord Clans, the Chieftains are a treacherous lot, betraying and backstabbing one another endlessly in the hope of becoming Warlord of their Clan. Their relative prestige means they have access to some powerful items.

In 1587 an act was passed by the Scottish parliament " for the quieting and keeping in obedience of the inhabitants of the Borders, Highland and Isles ..." That contained a roll of Chieftains and Clans that confirms the status of Border families as an important part of Clan history, and the Armstrongs as perhaps the most significant Border Clan.

* The President is the patron of Clans of Ireland, including its Order of Merit, since he so agreed in January 2012

Many re-formed Irish Clans are affiliated with the " Finte na hÉireann " or " Clans of Ireland " the independent authority established in 1989 to provide recognition for Irish Clans.

* Clans of Ireland

In January 2012, President Higgins agreed to become the Patron of Clans of Ireland, including its Order of Merit.

On the President's behalf, Leo Varadkar, Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport, awarded " Companionship " in this Order of Clans of Ireland to several nominees at a ceremony in the Mansion House, Dublin on 28 April 2012.

President Higgins received the Order of Clans of Ireland in April 2012.

Also pictured are Sabina Coyne ( left ) and Dr. Michael J. Egan, Chairman of Clans of Ireland ( right ).

It is most commonly found around the midlands of Ireland especially County Laois, being one of the Seven Septs ( Clans ) of Leix ( O ' Lalors, O ' Moores, O ' Dowlings, O ' Dorans, O ' Devoys, O ' Kellys, and McEvoys ).

* Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland

* Clans of Ireland

* C. Thomas Cairney, Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland, An Ethnography of the Gael, AD 500-1750, McFarland & Company Inc, Publishers ISBN 0-89950-362-4

Cairney, Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland-An Ethnography of the Gael AD 500-1750, Willow Bend Books, 1989.

* Cairney, C. Thomas, Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland: An Ethnography of the Gael, A. D. 500-1750.

* Clans and Families of Ireland-an excerpt on Heraldry in Ireland

In 1989 an independent organisation, Clans of Ireland, was formed under the leadership of Rory O ' Connor, Chieftain of the “ O ' Connor Kerry Clan “, with the purpose of creating and maintaining a Register of Clans.

* Clans of Ireland

From mid-May to mid-July 2010, the band finished recording their new album The Clans Will Rise Again which was released in Europe on October 1, 2010 via Napalm Records with a North American release following soon after.

From that highly successful show, Fraser was once again called upon in 1979 to organize a Tattoo to mark the visit of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother to Nova Scotia for the International Gathering of the Clans.

A Register of Irish Clans can be consulted on its website.

The Lord Lyon Court defines a clan or family as a legally recognised group, but does not differentiate between Families and Clans as it recognises both terms as being interchangeable.

*" Clans, Families and Septs " by Sir Crispin Agnew of Lochnaw Bt.

* The Council of Scottish Armigerous Clans & Families

A Dictionary of Manchu Names: A Name Index to the Manchu Version of the " Complete Genealogies of the Manchu Clans and Families of the Eight Banners " Jakūn gūsai Manjusai mukūn hala be uheri ejehe bithe Baqi Manzhou shizu tongpu, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz ed., 2000.

Additionally, the Statutes of Iona were promulgated in 1609 to force an end to the Clan warfare between the MacLeods of Dunvegan and the MacDonalds of Eigg and Sleat as well as to create a more receptive path for Reformation and Protestantism by forcing the Chiefs of the Clans to encourage its spread and to finance the provisioning of Protestant minsters in their lands.

Clans are led by clan chiefs and constitute 341 tribes, each headed by a tribal chief.

A twenty first century series, " Chronicles of Ancient Darkness " by Michelle Paver tells of two New Stone Age children fighting to fulfill a prophecy and save their Clans from the evil Soul Eaters.

It includes the Thyatian Empire, which could be compared to Byzantine Empire ; the Grand Duchy of Karameikos ( which includes the town of Threshold, the default setting of many classic D & D adventures ), comparable to medieval southeastern Europe ; the Principalities of Glantri, which is similar to medieval western Europe, ruled by wizard-princes ; the Ethengar Khanate, a Mongol-like society ; the merchant-run Republic of Darokin, which is based somewhat loosely on the mercantile states of Medieval Italy ; the Emirates of Ylaruam which have an Arabic flavor ; the Heldannic Territories, ruled by an order of religious Knights devoted to the Immortal Vanya, similar to the Teutonic Knights ; the Atruaghin Clans, which have an Amerindian feel ; the nation of Sind, based on India during the rule of the Mughals ; the Northern Reaches Kingdoms of Ostland, Vestland, the Soderfjord Jarldoms, based on Scandinavian kingdoms at various periods of history ; the Dwarven nation of Rockhome ; the elven Kingdom of Alfheim ; the Halfling lands of the Five Shires ; and the Alphatian Empire, ruled by wizards and other spellcasters.

On the album Bonnie Prince Charles is mentioned by name in the song " Rebellion ( The Clans Are Marching )".

* Annual Gathering & Meeting, as organized by Scottish Clans and Scottish Clan Societies.

A romanticism | romanticised Victorian-era illustration of a Ross clansman by R. R. McIan from The Clans of the Scottish Highlands published in 1845.

Clans can also be formed to create loosely based affiliations perhaps by all being fans of the same game or merely gamers who have close personal ties to each other.

The famous etching by William Hogarth shows Lovat awaiting execution in The Tower, counting with his fingers the various Clans that he had brought to his cause and battle to support the Stuart claim to the throne.

It rivaled the Capellan Confederation for size, but by 3052 it had been almost entirely conquered by the Clans ; in the 3070s, much of it was incorporated into the Ghost Bear Dominion ( which is known as the Rasalhague Dominion by 3130 ).

The four strongest of these Clans returned to the Inner Sphere as would-be conquerors in 3049, were reinforced by three more Clans a year later, and were joined in the late 3060s by another two.

Of the original twenty Clans, by 3067 three were absorbed, two were annihilated, two fragmented, two defected, and one was abjured.

Clans generally identify with geographical areas originally controlled by the Chiefs, sometimes with an ancestral castle and clan gatherings form a regular part of the social scene.

Clans or families thought to have had a Chief in the past but not currently recognised by the Lord Lyon are listed at Armigerous clans.

Category: Clans by nation

Smith proved the new process, which substituted the three-colour approach of Edward Turner with favour of a two-colour ( red-green ) process, with early test films such as Tartans of Scottish Clans ( 1906 ) and Woman Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs ( 1908 ) before giving a trade demonstration of A Visit to the Seaside ( 1908 ) on 1 May 1908, followed by public demonstration from early 1909 as far afield as Paris and New York, for which Smith was awarded a Silver Medal by the Royal Society of Arts.