* 1964 – American Civil Rights Movement: Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States – The United States Supreme Court rules that the U. S. Congress can use the Constitution's Commerce Clause power to fight discrimination.

From 1938 until 1995, the U. S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress ' power under the Commerce Clause.

Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court in recent years.

Recently, the Commerce Clause was interpreted to include marijuana laws in the Gonzales v. Raich decision.

In 2003, these claims were dismissed on summary judgment because the relief sought would violate the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.

In the Eighth Annual Message to Congress ( 1908 ), Roosevelt mentioned the need for federal government to regulate interstate corporations using the Interstate Commerce Clause, also mentioning how these corporations fought federal control by appealing to states ' rights.

In modern times, the Commerce Clause has become one of the most frequently-used sources of Congress ' power, and thus its interpretation is very important in determining the allowable scope of federal government.

In the 20th century, complex economic challenges arising from the Great Depression triggered a reevaluation in both Congress and the Supreme Court of the use of Commerce Clause powers to maintain a strong national economy.

This was the first modern Supreme Court opinion to limit the government's power under the Commerce Clause.

Most recently, the Commerce Clause was cited in the 2005 decision Gonzales v. Raich.

It therefore ruled that this practice may be regulated by the federal government under the authority of the Commerce Clause.

These resolutions attempt to reassert state sovereignty over any area not listed among the " enumerated powers " ( i. e., any law based on an " expansive reading " of the Commerce Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, or the Supremacy Clause would, according to this resolution, be invalid ).

Jackson vetoed a bill which would authorize federal funding for a project to construct a road linking Lexington and the Ohio River, the entirety of which would be in the state of Kentucky, because he felt that it did not constitute interstate commerce, as specified in the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.

The Communications Act of 1934 followed the precedents of trial cases set under the Commerce Clause of the U. S. Constitution ( Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 ), regulating commerce " among the several states ".

The Office of Foreign and Domestic Commerce is also active in the field of international trade, assisting Rhode Island firms in developing and enlarging markets abroad.

It is also the concern of the Department of State that our trading relationships with the rest of the world are vigorous, profitable, and active -- this is not just a passing interest or a matter of concern only to the Department of Commerce.

The first, or double-step, type might also be called the `` railroad type '' because of its application to railroads ( and other transportation agencies ) by the Cost Section of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

After the elections, Mr. Jefferson was appointed Minister and leader of government business ; he also held the portfolios of Tourism, Aviation and Commerce in the Executive Council.

David Rothkopf, managing director of Kissinger Associates and an adjunct professor of international affairs at Columbia University ( who also served as a senior US Commerce Department official in the Clinton Administration ), wrote about cultural imperialism in his provocatively titled In Praise of Cultural Imperialism?

As Commerce Secretary, Hoover also hosted two national conferences on street traffic, in 1924 and 1926 ( a third convened in 1930, during Hoover's presidency ).

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), a component of the United States Department of Commerce, also uses a hull classification symbol system, which it also calls " hull numbers ," for its fleet.

( See also American Chamber of Commerce in Kyrgyzstan.

The Norwegian-Russian Chamber of Commerce also states that " orruption is one of the biggest problems both Russian and international companies have to deal with.

In mid-1968 Askin famously became embroiled in a media controversy over the reporting of several words spoken to the United States Chamber of Commerce lunch in Sydney on 32 July 1968 ( also the day Opposition Leader Renshaw resigned, to be replaced by Pat Hills ), in which he spoke of the October 1966 state visit by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson.

According to a 2007 British Chambers of Commerce report, the private sector also grew, particularly in the service sector.

The Department also supports the foreign affairs activities of other U. S. Government entities including the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Homeland Security, the Central Intelligence Agency ( specifically, the Special Activities Division ), and the U. S. Agency for International Development.

Fellows may also work with other government entities, including the Congress, White House, and executive branch agencies, including the Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and Department of Homeland Security.

In 1826, therefore, Siam concluded its first commercial treaty with a western power, the Treaty of Amity and Commerce ( Siam – UK ) ( also called the Burney Treaty ).

Mayor Daley is a brother of William M. Daley, former White House Chief of Staff and former United States Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton ; John P. Daley, a commissioner on the Cook County Board of Commissioners who also serves as its chairman of the County Board's Finance Committee ; and Micheal Daley, an attorney with Daley & George, a law firm founded by their father Richard J. Daley, that specializes in zoning law and is often hired by developers to help get zoning changes from City Hall.

There is also branches of École Supérieure d ' Électricité – Supélec and Telecom Bretagne in the east of the city ( Cesson-Sévigné ), a campus of the École pour l ' informatique et les nouvelles technologies, Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Rennes and the grande école Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, which is next to the " École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes ".

Downtown is also the location of the Omaha Rail and Commerce Historic District, which has several art galleries and restaurants as well.

Trade was also stimulated by the Bureau and the Council of Commerce, and French foreign maritime trade increased from 80 to 308 million livres between 1716 and 1748.

The Act also created the short-lived United States Commerce Court for adjudication of railway disputes.

It also officially encouraged private consolidation of railroads and mandated that the Interstate Commerce Commission ( ICC ) ensure their profitability.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ), known between 1901 and 1988 as the National Bureau of Standards ( NBS ), is a measurement standards laboratory, otherwise known as a National Metrological Institute ( NMI ), which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce.

* 111 Eighth Avenue, formerly known as the Commerce Building of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

In 1833 Eugène François Vidocq, a French soldier, criminal and privateer, founded the first known private detective agency, " Le Bureau des Renseignements Universels pour le commerce et l ' Industrie " (" The Office of Universal Information For Commerce and Industry ") and hired ex-convicts.

Ocala is well known as the horse capital of the world, one of only five cities ( four in the USA and one in France ) permitted under Chamber of Commerce guidelines to use this title based on annual revenue produced by the horse industry.

The Bluegrass Commerce Park ( formerly known as The Bluegrass Research & Industrial Park ) opened on in 1966.

It also has 14 elementary schools: Commerce, Dublin, Glengary, Mary Helen Guest ( formerly known as Decker ), Hickory Woods, Keith, Loon Lake, Maple, Meadowbrook, Oakley Park, Pleasant Lake, Twin Beach, Walled Lake Elementary, and Wixom.

The island in front of Commerce was known as Cat Island at least as early as Mark Twain's time ; however, it has been absorbed by Powers Island to the south.

Although Cedar Grove is not known as an industrial town, the township has an industrial district located along Commerce Road, which is off Route 23.

Mayo continued as president of the college, now known as Texas A & M University – Commerce, until his death in 1917 and is buried on the campus grounds.

The Kelso Chamber of Commerce created the slogan in 1956 and became known as the Smelt Capitol of the World.

In November 1955, just three weeks before Parks ' defiance of Jim Crow laws in Montgomery, the Interstate Commerce Commission, in response to a complaint filed by WAC Sarah Keys, closed the legal loophole left by the Morgan ruling in a landmark case known as Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company.

The " Dormant " Commerce Clause, also known as the " Negative " Commerce Clause, is a legal doctrine that courts in the United States have inferred from the Commerce Clause in Article I of the United States Constitution.

# Karaj Campus, which, until 1981, was known as the University of Tehran School of Finance and Commerce.

It is particularly known for its faculty of Engineering and Technology, Law, Arts, Sciences, Commerce and Management departments.

A certain branch of Ferengi government known as the Ferengi Commerce Authority ( especially its agents, known as Liquidators ) are almost universally loathed by all Ferengi, and are possibly meant as a parody of the Internal Revenue Service.

Jay Treaty, also known as Jay's Treaty, The British Treaty, the Treaty of London of 1794, and officially the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and The United States of America, was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war, resolving issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution, and facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792.

E-Government ( short for electronic government, also known as e-gov, digital government, online government, or connected government ) is digital interactions between a government and citizens ( G2C ), government and businesses / Commerce ( G2B ), government and employees ( G2E ), and also between government and governments / agencies ( G2G ).

It was bought in its entirety by the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce ( better known as the Royal Society of Arts, or simply the RSA ) as part of the Society's " Campaign for the Preservation of Ancient Cottages ".