Crowdsourcing can move beyond menial pattern recognition tasks to harness collaborative intelligence, retaining the identity of individual contributors in the social network.

Crowdsourcing systems such as Mechanical Turk involve minute information-processing tasks ( such as identifying photos or recognizing signatures ) for which workers are compensated on a per-task basis.

Crowdsourcing systems such as Mechanical Turk have added the element of scalability, allowing businesses to outsource information tasks across the Internet to thousands of workers.

Crowdsourcing, another trend enabled by the Internet, has allowed thousands of independent and hobbyist graphic designers to produce and distribute holiday cards around the world.

* Inc. com, " 6 Cool Crowdsourcing Business Tools "

Oekaki like designs have been applied to other uses such as Crowdsourcing in the pieces such as the Sheep Market.

Crowdsourcing products like community cookbooks were a form of peer production.

* Spam Track-Goal: to provide a standard evaluation of current and proposed spam filtering approaches.

* Chemical Track-Goal: to develop and evaluate technology for large scale search in chemistry-related documents, including academic papers and patents, to better meet the needs of professional searchers, and specifically patent searchers and chemists.

* Medical Records Track-Goal: to explore methods for searching unstructured information found in patient medical records.

* Session Track-Goal: to develop methods for measuring multiple-query sessions where information needs drift or get more or less specific over the session.

* Entity Track-Goal: to perform entity-related search on Web data.

* Legal Track-Goal: to develop search technology that meets the needs of lawyers to engage in effective discovery in digital document collections.

* Web Track-Goal: to explore information seeking behaviors common in general web search.

* Enterprise Track-Goal: to study search over the data of an organization to complete some task.

* HARD Track-Goal: to achieve High Accuracy Retrieval from Documents by leveraging additional information about the searcher and / or the search context.

* Microblog Track-Goal: to explore information seeking behavior in microblogs.

* Genomics Track-Goal: to study the retrieval of genomic data, not just gene sequences but also supporting documentation such as research papers, lab reports, etc.

* Cross-Language Track-Goal: to investigate the ability of retrieval systems to find documents topically regardless of source language.

* Filtering Track-Goal: to binarily decide retrieval of new incoming documents given a stable information need.

* Interactive Track-Goal: to study user interaction with text retrieval systems.

* Novelty Track-Goal: to investigate systems ' abilities to locate new ( i. e., non-redundant ) information.

* Question Answering Track-Goal: to achieve more information retrieval than just document retrieval by answering factoid, list and definition-style questions.

* Robust Retrieval Track-Goal: to focus on individual topic effectiveness.

* Relevance Feedback Track-Goal: to further deep evaluation of relevance feedback processes.

* Terabyte Track-Goal: to investigate whether / how the IR community can scale traditional IR test-collection-based evaluation to significantly large collections.

* Video Track-Goal: to research in automatic segmentation, indexing, and content-based retrieval of digital video.

The open Squeak implementation has an active community of developers, including many of the original Smalltalk community, and has recently been used to provide the Etoys environment on the OLPC project, a toolkit for developing collaborative applications Croquet Project, and the Open Cobalt virtual world application.

Such systems of content management provide procedures to manage workflow in a collaborative environment.

Contributions to online collaborative media like Wikipedia and many other projects utilizing wiki technology can also be seen to represent an example of such public spiritedness, since they provide a public good ( information ) freely to all readers.

Using collaborative writing tools can provide substantial advantages to projects ranging from increased user commitment to easier, more effective and efficient work processes.

Keith Packard started the XWin project in 2003 in order to provide forums for collaborative and co-operative discussion between X developers, X end-users, and potential developers.

The goal of the program is to provide young people with practical and theoretical experience in protection and conservation of monuments and in the course of their collaborative effort enable them to learn different aspects of history and culture of their region.

* Project Jedi ( Joint Endeavor of Delphi Innovators )-A collaborative open-source effort by the Delphi developer community to provide translations of Windows API interfaces, additional components and controls, and algorithms and data structures.

The centers are designed to provide opportunities for collaborative research and scholarship programs for interdisciplinary, multi-investigator and multi-institutional awards.

The Oakland University – Beaumont Nurse Anesthesia Graduate Program began in 1991 as a collaborative initiative to address the nurse anesthesia shortage and provide an exceptional educational environment for training Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists.

Several studies empirically compare the performance of the hybrid with the pure collaborative and content-based methods and demonstrate that the hybrid methods can provide more accurate

* Collaborative Learning in Virtual Worlds Virtual Worlds by their nature provide an excellent opportunity for collaborative learning.

The nodes also provide a means of carrying out collaborative research with peers within Australia and internationally.

CoVE provides programmers with an API to develop multi-user, multi-tasking, collaborative, cluster-ready applications with rich 2D interfaces using an immersive window manager and windowing API to provide windows, menus, buttons, and other common widgets within the VR system.

Its mission is to " provide science-based solutions through collaborative partnerships to address evolving economic, environmental, and social pressures on our oceans and coasts.

The Association of National Park Authorities is a body that exists to provide the National Park Authorities of England, Wales and Scotland a focus for collaborative working and the sharing of best practice across the parks, training of National Park Authority Members, and attempts to increase public understanding of the statutory purposes for which National Parks exist in the UK, and promotes them as models for sustainable development, using the brand National Parks-Britain's breathing spaces.

Unlike awards, which provide similar standards for all workers in the entire industry covered by a specific award, collective agreements usually apply only to workers for one employer-although on occasion a short-term collaborative agreement ( for example, on a building-site ) yields a multi-employer / employee agreement.

A range of associated techniques can be used to provide very precise, operationally defined expressions of an interviewee's constructs, or a detailed expression of the interviewee's personal values, and all of these techniques are used in a collaborative way.

* AeroIndia. org is a volunteer collaborative project to provide Aer India 2007 News, Photographs and Videos

New writing environments such as Google Docs provide collaborative writing / editing functionalities with revision control, synchronous / asynchronous editing.

JCD & E aimed to provide thought leadership and collaborative environments to generate innovative ideas with a range of interagency, multinational, academic and private sector partners.

Solarsoft predates CVS and most other collaborative development systems ; hence, it does not provide direct support for many features that today would be considered necessary, such as software versioning.

NAAR raised money to provide research grants focusing on autism, and has committed an excess of $ 20 million to over 200 autism research projects, fellowships and collaborative programs-more than any other non-governmental organization.

In response to this need GI-NET developed a membership and chapter program that will allows GI-NET to provide increased support for an expanding membership base while enabling members to be in contact for collaborative efforts.

While many lament the diverted attention spans of people on chat, a number of people believe that backchannel can provide a valuable collaborative learning environment.